Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 2

What is the primary function of the mucosa layer in the GI tract wall?

Accepted Answer

Protecting underlying tissues and facilitating absorption and secretion

Question 3

During chemical digestion, which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 4

Which structure prevents the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus?

Accepted Answer

Lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter

Question 5

What is the main function of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Question 6

Which layer of the GI tract wall contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Submucosa

Question 7

A patient has difficulty swallowing due to a malfunction in the muscularis layer of the esophagus. Which process is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of bile in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Bile emulsifies fats, increasing their surface area for enzyme action

Question 9

The greater omentum is important in wound healing because it:

Accepted Answer

Contains immune cells and can wrap around areas of inflammation

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct pathway for bile from the liver to the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Hepatic duct → cystic duct → common bile duct → duodenum

Question 11

Which of the following is a product of protein digestion absorbed by the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 12

A patient with damage to the parietal cells in the stomach mucosa would have difficulty with which process?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of vitamin B12

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the stomach has three layers of muscle in its muscularis?

Accepted Answer

To enhance mechanical digestion by churning food more effectively

Question 14

Which peritoneal fold attaches the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall?

Accepted Answer

Mesentery

Question 15

What is the main function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation of carbohydrates and absorption of water

Question 16

Which of the following correctly matches the digestive enzyme with its substrate?

Accepted Answer

Amylase – carbohydrates

Question 17

A patient has a blockage in the ileocecal sphincter. Which process would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of material from the small intestine to the large intestine

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the GI tract wall from innermost to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the liver in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Production of bile to aid in fat digestion

Question 20

Which equation best represents the chemical breakdown of a triglyceride during digestion?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Triglyceride} + 3\,	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{Glycerol} + 3\,	ext{Fatty Acids}$$

Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Organization (ANAT 100 Study Notes)

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