Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the brain is especially vulnerable to damage during periods of interrupted blood flow compared to other organs?

Accepted Answer

The brain cannot store energy and requires a constant supply of both oxygen and glucose for oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 2

A child suffers a stroke that damages the left hemisphere of the brain. Which of the following is the most likely immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

Impaired movement and control on the right side of the body

Question 3

Which process is primarily responsible for the increase in brain weight and volume during the first three years of life?

Accepted Answer

Growth of dendrites and formation of synaptic connections

Question 4

Which of the following statements about glial cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Glial cells nourish, protect, and insulate neurons, and can divide throughout life.

Question 5

A researcher is studying infants' ability to distinguish between colors using the habituation paradigm. Which result would indicate that an infant can discriminate between red and yellow?

Accepted Answer

The infant's looking time increases when shown a yellow disc after habituating to a red disc.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of synaptic pruning?

Accepted Answer

The elimination of unused neural connections, strengthening those that are frequently used.

Question 7

A child who was adopted from a severely deprived orphanage at 18 months old is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Exhibit some persistent cognitive and emotional impairments compared to children adopted before 6 months.

Question 8

Which of the following is a direct result of myelination in the developing nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Faster and more coordinated motor activities

Question 9

Which area of the brain is specifically associated with face recognition, and what condition results from damage to this area?

Accepted Answer

Fusiform gyrus; prosopagnosia

Question 10

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of neuroplasticity?

Accepted Answer

A child regains language abilities after a left hemisphere stroke due to reorganization of brain functions.

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the development of the senses in newborns?

Accepted Answer

Hearing and touch are well developed at birth, while vision is immature.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why Michael May, who regained his sight after decades of blindness, could not interpret visual information normally?

Accepted Answer

His visual cortex never developed the necessary neural pathways during the critical period of early childhood.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about myelination is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Myelination is a process that continues into early adulthood, especially in the frontal and temporal lobes.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of experience and stimulation in early brain development?

Accepted Answer

Repetitive and consistent stimulation strengthens neural connections and makes them permanent.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the development of motor control in infants as myelination progresses?

Accepted Answer

Head and neck first, then legs and feet

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of transduction in sensory development?

Accepted Answer

The conversion of light energy into electrical signals by the retina

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why infants need loving touch and responsive caregiving for healthy brain development?

Accepted Answer

Loving touch and responsiveness build essential neural connections and support emotional regulation.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about the process of learning and memory in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Learning new information requires the creation of new dendrites and synaptic connections.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between myelination and multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Accepted Answer

MS involves the immune system attacking and destroying myelin, disrupting nerve conduction.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why infants are able to recover certain functions after a hemispherectomy more successfully than adults?

Accepted Answer

Neuroplasticity is greatest in young children, allowing the remaining hemisphere to reorganize and compensate for lost functions.

Early Brain, Sensory, and Physical Development in Infancy

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