Question 1

Which of the following best describes Empedocles’ early theory of evolution?

Accepted Answer

Useful features survived by chance, while deformed ones perished, leaving only well-suited creatures.

Question 2

According to the slides, what was a major limitation of Darwin’s theory of evolution as presented in 'Origin of Species'?

Accepted Answer

It lacked an explanation for the genetic mechanisms underlying inheritance.

Question 3

Which formula correctly represents the number of possible genetic combinations from human parents?

Accepted Answer

$$23^{23}$$

Question 4

If identical twins share 100% of their genes, what percentage of genes do first cousins share?

Accepted Answer

12.5%

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'inclusive fitness' in evolutionary psychology?

Accepted Answer

A bee sacrifices itself to protect the hive, which contains its relatives.

Question 6

Which scenario best demonstrates the interactionist perspective on nature and nurture?

Accepted Answer

A child’s language development is shaped by both genetic predispositions and exposure to language.

Question 7

A genetic abnormality prevents the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine, leading to intellectual disability unless treated. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 8

Which of the following statements about twin studies is supported by the provided materials?

Accepted Answer

If the correlation for a trait is higher in monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins, genetics likely play a significant role.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a critical assumption of evolutionary psychology?

Accepted Answer

All behaviors are learned through social modeling.

Question 10

Why might someone find their partner’s body odor offensive according to evolutionary psychology?

Accepted Answer

It indicates that their genes are too similar, reducing genetic diversity in offspring.

Question 11

Which of the following best defines 'fitness' in Darwinian terms?

Accepted Answer

The ability to survive and reproduce in a given environment.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world example of reciprocal altruism?

Accepted Answer

A person helps a neighbor with the expectation that the favor will be returned in the future.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between identical and fraternal twins?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins share all of their genes, while fraternal twins share about half.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the genetic similarity between humans and other species?

Accepted Answer

Humans share 50% of their genes with bananas.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of genes in behavior according to the materials?

Accepted Answer

Genes serve as recipes for the synthesis of proteins and enzymes, affecting behavior through anatomy and brain wiring.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the nature vs. nurture debate?

Accepted Answer

Nature refers to inborn biological endowment, nurture to environmental conditions.

Question 17

A child is diagnosed with PKU. What is the best course of action to prevent intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

Provide a diet low in phenylalanine.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between the views of Empedocles and Aristotle on the origin of animal features?

Accepted Answer

Empedocles believed features arose by chance, Aristotle believed in purposeful design.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the method used in behavioral genetics to distinguish genetic from environmental influences?

Accepted Answer

Comparing correlations between monozygotic and dizygotic twins.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a behavior that evolutionary psychology would consider adaptive?

Accepted Answer

Eating ripe fruit to avoid toxins.

Evolution, Genetics, and Behaviour: Foundations for Biological Psychology

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