Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between Plato’s and Aristotle’s views on the origins of knowledge?

Accepted Answer

Plato believed knowledge is innate and comes from reason, while Aristotle believed knowledge comes from sensory experience.

Question 2

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of dualism as proposed by Descartes?

Accepted Answer

A philosopher argues that the mind and body are separate entities that interact.

Question 3

Who is considered the 'father of psychology' and established the first psychology laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the behavioral perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

It emphasizes the study of observable actions and the effects of the environment on behavior.

Question 5

A researcher wants to determine if a new teaching method causes improved test scores. Which research design should they use?

Accepted Answer

Experimental design

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of an operational definition for 'anxiety' in a research study?

Accepted Answer

'Anxiety is measured by the number of times a participant fidgets during a 10-minute interview.'

Question 7

If a correlation coefficient is $$r = -0.85$$, what does this indicate about the relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong negative relationship.

Question 8

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 9

A patient has difficulty forming new memories after a brain injury. Which brain structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is most directly associated with mood regulation and is affected by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 11

Which of the following best distinguishes the endocrine system from the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system uses hormones for slower, longer-lasting communication, while the nervous system uses electrical and chemical signals for rapid communication.

Question 12

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 13

A drug that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter at the synapse is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Antagonist

Question 14

Which of the following best illustrates selective attention?

Accepted Answer

Failing to notice a clown walking by while focused on a phone conversation.

Question 15

Which sleep stage is most closely associated with vivid dreaming?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 16

According to the activation synthesis model, dreams are:

Accepted Answer

Random neural activity that the brain attempts to make sense of.

Question 17

Which of the following is a myth about hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

People under hypnosis can be made to do things against their will.

Question 18

Which principle from the Belmont Report requires that participants be treated fairly and equitably in research?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Question 19

A person who is startled and experiences increased heart rate and sweating is likely experiencing activation of which system?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the main criticism of structuralism?

Accepted Answer

Its reliance on introspection made its findings subjective and unreliable.

Exam 1 Study Guide: Psychology Chapters 1-4 (Intro, Research, Biopsychology, Consciousness)

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