Question 1

Which of the following best defines 'personality' in psychology?

Accepted Answer

The unique and relatively stable patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that characterize an individual.

Question 2

According to the trait approach to personality, which formula best represents the relationship between traits and behavior?

Accepted Answer

$$ Behavior = Traits + Situational Factors $$

Question 3

A psychologist is studying how people attribute causes to others' actions. Which theory is most relevant to this research?

Accepted Answer

Attribution theory

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

Assuming someone is late because they are lazy, rather than considering traffic delays.

Question 5

Which formula best represents the medical model's approach to psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

$$ Disorder = Biological Factors + Psychological Factors + Social Factors $$

Question 6

A therapist uses cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to treat depression. Which principle is most central to CBT?

Accepted Answer

Changing maladaptive thought patterns to influence behavior and emotions.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a stereotype?

Accepted Answer

A generalized belief about a group of people.

Question 8

In a classic conformity experiment, participants change their answers to match the group. Which concept does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Social conformity

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a main characteristic of the psychodynamic approach to personality?

Accepted Answer

Belief that personality is shaped by reinforcement and punishment.

Question 10

A researcher is interested in how attachment styles affect adult relationships. Which theory should they consult?

Accepted Answer

Attachment theory

Question 11

Which equation best represents the biopsychosocial model of psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

$$ Psychological Disorder = Biological + Psychological + Social $$

Question 12

Which of the following is a common misconception about the medical model of psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

It only considers biological factors and ignores psychological and social influences.

Question 13

A person believes that all elderly people are bad drivers. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A stereotype

Question 14

Which treatment approach is most likely to use the equation $$ Behavior = Thoughts + Emotions  to $$guide therapy?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the main goal of the medical model in treating psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

To diagnose and treat disorders as medical illnesses.

Question 16

A student attributes their poor exam performance to bad luck, while attributing a classmate's poor performance to lack of effort. This illustrates:

Accepted Answer

Actor-observer bias

Question 17

Which of the following is a key feature of groupthink in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

The tendency for group members to prioritize harmony over critical analysis.

Question 18

Which equation best represents the relationship between stereotype threat and performance?

Accepted Answer

$$ Performance = Ability - Stereotype Threat $$

Question 19

Which of the following is most likely to be used in biomedical treatment of psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

Prescription of medication to alter brain chemistry.

Question 20

A therapist encourages a client to explore their feelings and strive for personal growth. Which treatment approach is this?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapy

Final Exam Study Guide: Personality, Social Behavior, Psychological Disorders, and Treatment

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