Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of multifactorial transmission?

Accepted Answer

Traits are determined by the interaction of multiple genes and environmental influences.

Question 2

A child inherits one dominant allele (R) for brown hair and one recessive allele (r) for red hair. What will be the child's phenotype?

Accepted Answer

The child will have brown hair because the dominant allele is expressed.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of heritability ($$h^2) in $$behavioral genetics?

Accepted Answer

$$h^2$$ = \frac{V_G}{V_P} $$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a passive genotype-environment correlation?

Accepted Answer

Musical parents create a home filled with music, and their child inherits both musical talent and a musical environment.

Question 5

During which stage of prenatal development does organogenesis occur?

Accepted Answer

Embryonic stage

Question 6

A woman is a carrier for a sex-linked recessive disorder on the X chromosome. If she has a son with an unaffected father, what is the probability that her son will express the disorder?

Accepted Answer

50%

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of canalization?

Accepted Answer

Children worldwide reach language milestones at similar ages regardless of environment.

Question 8

Which prenatal environmental factor is most strongly associated with neural tube defects such as spina bifida?

Accepted Answer

Low intake of folic acid

Question 9

If a zygote is formed by the fertilization of an ovum (X) by a Y-carrying sperm, what will be the chromosomal sex of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

XY (male)

Question 10

Which of the following statements about monozygotic and dizygotic twins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins result from the splitting of a single fertilized egg and are generally genetically identical.

Question 11

Which of the following is a teratogen?

Accepted Answer

Rubella virus

Question 12

A pregnant woman is exposed to high levels of air pollution. Which outcome is most likely for her baby?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of low birth weight and developmental abnormalities

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the cephalocaudal principle of development?

Accepted Answer

Development proceeds from the head down to the lower part of the trunk.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the heritability of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Heritability of intelligence increases with age due to niche-picking.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an active genotype-environment correlation?

Accepted Answer

A child with musical talent seeks out music classes and concerts.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why identical twins can differ in appearance and behavior?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic modifications cause differences in gene expression.

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely to be highly canalized?

Accepted Answer

Eye color

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the risk of Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The risk of Down syndrome increases with maternal age, but more young mothers have children with Down syndrome due to higher birth rates.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Non-sex cells divide to produce genetic duplicates with 46 chromosomes.

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible reason why prenatal care is not evenly distributed among populations in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Teenage, unmarried, less educated, and some minority women are least likely to receive early prenatal care.

Chapter Three: Developmental Psychology

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