Question 1

Which of the following best describes the scientific method as used in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A way of collecting observations, developing theories to explain them, and using the theories to make predictions

Question 2

A hypothesis in psychology must be:

Accepted Answer

Testable and falsifiable through scientific methods

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a pseudoscientific claim?

Accepted Answer

Astrology, because it makes vague predictions that cannot be tested or falsified

Question 4

According to the biopsychosocial model, which of the following is NOT a factor influencing behavior?

Accepted Answer

Astrological sign

Question 5

Critical thinking in psychology involves all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Accepting claims based on authority alone

Question 6

Which statement best illustrates the concept of empiricism in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Knowledge about the world is based on observations and experience

Question 7

Galen's theory of the four humours suggested that:

Accepted Answer

Different combinations of bodily fluids affected mood and personality

Question 8

Which of the following best describes dualism as discussed in early psychology?

Accepted Answer

The idea that the mind and body are distinct and separable

Question 9

Phrenology, as proposed by Franz Gall, was based on the idea that:

Accepted Answer

Different brain areas correspond to different mental traits and abilities

Question 10

Which of the following is a key contribution of Charles Darwin's theory to psychology?

Accepted Answer

Emphasizing the role of evolution in shaping behavior and mental processes

Question 11

According to Freud, the main goal of hypnosis was to:

Accepted Answer

Access the unconscious mind and identify hidden desires or emotions

Question 12

Which of the following best describes behaviourism as it emerged in the early 20th century?

Accepted Answer

A focus on observable behaviour with little reference to mental events or instincts

Question 13

Edward Thorndike's research demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

Behaviour could be changed by its consequences, such as rewards or punishments

Question 14

Which formula best represents the relationship between behaviour, individual, and environment as described in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

$$B = f(I, E)$$

Question 15

Gestalt psychology is best summarized by which principle?

Accepted Answer

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of applying scientific literacy in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Evaluating whether the basis behind presented evidence was scientifically tested

Question 17

A psychologist is interested in whether memory is influenced more by culture or by prior experiences. Which early cognitive psychologist's work is most relevant to this question?

Accepted Answer

Frederick Bartlett

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'zeitgeist' in the history of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The prevailing set of beliefs and cultural climate at a specific time in history

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the biopsychosocial model?

Accepted Answer

A person's risk for depression is influenced by their genes, their thought patterns, and their social support network

Question 20

Which of the following statements about theories in psychology is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The quality of a theory is not related to the number of people who believe it to be true

Foundations and Perspectives in Psychology: Scientific Methods, History, and Major Theories

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