Question 1

A researcher wants to determine if attending more lectures causes higher exam scores. Which research design should they use to establish causality?

Accepted Answer

Experimental design

Question 2

Which school of psychology focuses on analyzing the structure of consciousness using introspection?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Question 3

A therapist helps a patient uncover repressed childhood memories that may be influencing their current anxiety. Which psychological school does this approach best represent?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic

Question 4

Which of the following pairs of variables would most likely show a positive correlation?

Accepted Answer

Time spent studying & exam score

Question 5

A psychologist observes children at recess without interfering to study their social interactions. What research method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a curvilinear correlation?

Accepted Answer

Relationship increases then decreases

Question 7

In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated by the researcher is called the:

Accepted Answer

Independent variable

Question 8

A researcher gives a questionnaire to measure people's beliefs about climate change. Which research method is this?

Accepted Answer

Survey/self-report

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between a case study and a naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

Case studies focus on one subject in depth; naturalistic observation studies groups without interference.

Question 10

A student researcher wants to know if people are more likely to hold a door open for others in the morning or afternoon. They watch and record behavior at different times. Which method are they using?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 11

Which of the following statements about correlation and causation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Only experiments can establish causation.

Question 12

A psychologist is interested in how children solve problems and argues that the brain acts as an information processor. Which school of psychology does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Cognitivism

Question 13

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of belief perseverance?

Accepted Answer

A person continues to believe their study method is effective despite evidence of poor grades.

Question 14

If a researcher wants to measure the effect of physical intimacy on relationship closeness in a reality TV show, what is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

Relationship closeness

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a zero correlation?

Accepted Answer

Shoe size and exam score

Question 16

A researcher wants to know if there is a relationship between attendance and grades. Which research design should they use?

Accepted Answer

Correlational design

Question 17

Which of the following is a confounding variable in an experiment testing the effect of sleep on memory?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine consumption

Question 18

A psychologist argues that fear of food evolved to aid survival. Which school of psychology does this reflect?

Accepted Answer

Functionalism

Question 19

Which method would be best for studying the long-term effects of a rare brain injury in a single patient?

Accepted Answer

Case study

Question 20

A researcher wants to test whether reinforcement shapes behavior in rats. Which school of psychology is most relevant?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism

Foundations of Psychological Science and Research Methods: Study Guide

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