Question 1

A psychologist wants to determine if there is a relationship between the number of hours students spend watching TV per week and their exam scores. Which research method is most appropriate for this study?

Accepted Answer

Correlational study

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the focus of the behaviorist school of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Observable behavior only; effects of rewards and punishments

Question 3

A researcher finds that as the number of tennis balls a dog owns increases, the dog's happiness increases up to a point, but then starts to decrease. What type of correlation does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Curvilinear correlation

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

Observing children at recess without interfering

Question 5

A therapist helps a patient uncover repressed childhood memories that may be influencing their anxiety today. Which school of psychology does this approach best represent?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic

Question 6

Which of the following is a key requirement for a study to be considered an experiment?

Accepted Answer

Manipulating the independent variable and measuring the dependent variable

Question 7

A group of researchers wants to know if people are more likely to hold a door open for others in the morning or afternoon. They watch and record this behavior at different times of day without interacting with the participants. What research method are they using?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 8

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of belief perseverance?

Accepted Answer

Continuing to believe your friend is always honest, even after catching them in a lie

Question 9

In an experiment testing whether visual access (seeing a partner) affects relationship closeness, what is the independent variable (IV)?

Accepted Answer

Visual access (see partner vs. not see partner)

Question 10

A psychologist gives participants a questionnaire about their attitudes toward climate change. Which research method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Survey/self-report

Question 11

Which of the following statements about correlation and causation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Only experiments can show cause-and-effect relationships

Question 12

A psychologist is interested in how children solve problems and argues that the mind actively processes information like a computer. Which school of psychology does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Cognitivism

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable (DV) in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

The outcome measured after manipulation

Question 14

A researcher wants to know if fear of snakes is an adaptive function that helped humans survive. Which school of psychology is most relevant to this question?

Accepted Answer

Functionalism

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a case study?

Accepted Answer

Intensive study of one person or a small group

Question 16

A researcher finds that as time spent studying increases, exam scores also increase. What type of correlation is this?

Accepted Answer

Positive correlation

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of hindsight bias?

Accepted Answer

Believing you predicted the outcome of an event after it has already happened

Question 18

A psychologist wants to know if attending lectures causes better exam performance. What is the best research design to answer this question?

Accepted Answer

Experimental design

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between a survey and a case study?

Accepted Answer

A survey asks people directly about their attitudes or beliefs, while a case study involves in-depth study of one subject

Question 20

A researcher is interested in whether reinforcement shapes behavior in rats. Which school of psychology does this research align with?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism

Foundations of Psychological Science and Research Methods: Study Guide

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