Question 1

Which of the following best describes the biopsychosocial model in psychology?

Accepted Answer

It explains behaviour as a product of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory recall. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep-deprived group or a well-rested group and measures their recall performance. Which research design is she using?

Accepted Answer

Experimental research

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a variable in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

The number of hours studied for an exam

Question 4

According to the scientific method, what is the correct sequence of steps when testing an idea?

Accepted Answer

Look for patterns, generate hypothesis, gather evidence, revise hypothesis

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of reliability in psychological measurement?

Accepted Answer

A test that produces similar results when administered multiple times to the same person

Question 6

A psychologist is conducting a study where she observes children playing in a park without interfering. Which research method is she using?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of poor research?

Accepted Answer

Use of anecdotal evidence instead of systematic data

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the nature vs. nurture debate is correct?

Accepted Answer

It examines how both heredity and environment influence behaviour and mental processes.

Question 9

A researcher finds that as stress levels increase, sleep quality decreases among university students. Which type of research design does this finding most likely come from?

Accepted Answer

Correlational research

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the Hawthorne effect?

Accepted Answer

Participants change their behaviour because they know they are being observed.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of an operational definition?

Accepted Answer

Measuring intelligence as the score obtained on a specific IQ test

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the main idea of Gestalt psychology?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists should focus on the whole of perception and experience rather than its parts.

Question 13

A psychologist wants to ensure that her study's results can be applied to a broad set of people. Which concept is she most concerned with?

Accepted Answer

Generalizability

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between basic and applied research in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Basic research aims to build foundational knowledge, while applied research seeks to solve specific practical problems.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a demand characteristic in a psychological study?

Accepted Answer

Participants act in a way they think the experimenter expects based on cues they received.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the concept of validity in psychological measurement?

Accepted Answer

The degree to which a method measures what it is intended to measure

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a skewed distribution in descriptive statistics?

Accepted Answer

A data set where most values are on one side, causing the distribution to be uneven

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main idea of radical behaviourism as proposed by B.F. Skinner?

Accepted Answer

Behaviour is a result of how an organism responds to rewards and punishments.

Question 19

According to Donald Hebb's principle, which of the following best summarizes the relationship between neurons and learning?

Accepted Answer

Neurons that fire together wire together.

Question 20

A psychologist is interested in how personality traits influence decision-making in stressful situations. Which subfield of psychology does this research most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Personality psychology

Foundations of Psychological Science: Scientific Method, History, and Research Designs

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