Question 1

Which of the following best describes a scientific theory in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A broad range of observations that generates new hypotheses and integrates numerous findings into a coherent whole.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a falsifiable hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

People are happier on sunny days than on rainy days.

Question 3

According to the biopsychosocial model, which of the following would best explain a person’s anxiety disorder?

Accepted Answer

A combination of genetic predisposition, stressful life events, and cultural expectations.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about critical thinking in psychology is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Critical thinking involves evaluating evidence and considering alternative explanations.

Question 5

Which historical figure is credited with developing the first personality classification system?

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of localization of brain function?

Accepted Answer

Damage to Broca’s area results in difficulty producing speech.

Question 7

Which of the following is a key principle of behaviourism as described by John B. Watson?

Accepted Answer

Behaviour should be studied as a purely objective science.

Question 8

A psychologist wants to study the effect of a new teaching method on student performance. She randomly assigns students to two groups: one uses the new method, the other uses the traditional method. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The teaching method used

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group.

Question 10

A researcher finds a correlation coefficient of $$r = -0.85$$ between hours of sleep and reported stress levels. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

As hours of sleep increase, stress levels tend to decrease.

Question 11

Which of the following is a limitation of case study research?

Accepted Answer

It focuses on a single subject, which limits generalizability.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of an operational definition?

Accepted Answer

Depression is defined as a score of 20 or higher on the Beck Depression Inventory.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the placebo effect?

Accepted Answer

A measurable improvement due to expectations, not treatment.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of a good scientific measurement?

Accepted Answer

It is objective, valid, and reliable.

Question 15

A psychologist is conducting a double-blind study. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

Neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving the treatment.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a confounding variable in an experiment testing the effect of music on concentration?

Accepted Answer

The time of day when the experiment is conducted.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key ethical principle in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Participants must give informed consent before participating.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main difference between a true experiment and a quasi-experiment?

Accepted Answer

True experiments use random assignment; quasi-experiments do not.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a variable in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Level of anxiety measured before an exam.

Question 20

Which of the following is a reason why replication is important in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

It increases the reliability of scientific findings.

Foundations of Psychological Science: Scientific Methods and Biological Bases

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