Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the mean of a set of scores $$x_1$$, $$x_2$$, ..., x_n$$?

$$ \text{Mean} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i}{n} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the biopsychosocial model in psychology?

Accepted Answer

It integrates biological, psychological, and social factors to understand behavior and mental processes.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory performance. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep-deprived group or a control group and measures their scores on a memory test. Which type of research design is she using?

Accepted Answer

Experimental design

Question 3

Which of the following statements about reliability and validity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency of a test, while validity refers to whether the test measures what it is supposed to measure.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a double-blind study?

Accepted Answer

Neither the participants nor the experimenters know which participants are receiving the treatment.

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of nature versus nurture in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A child’s intelligence is shaped by both inherited genes and environmental experiences.

Question 6

Which psychologist is most closely associated with the development of behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

John Watson

Question 7

A researcher defines 'stress' as the number of stressful life events reported in the past year. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

An operational definition

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the mean of a set of scores $$x_1$$, $$x_2$$, ..., x_n$$?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Mean} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i}{n} $$

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle movement and is deficient in individuals with Parkinson’s disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 10

A psychologist is interested in how people organize visual information into meaningful patterns. Which school of thought does this research most closely align with?

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychology

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to observable traits.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the five characteristics of quality scientific research?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 13

Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 14

A researcher finds that as hours spent studying increase, exam scores also increase. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A positive correlation

Question 15

Which of the following best describes Weber’s Law in psychophysics?

Accepted Answer

The smallest detectable difference between two stimuli is a constant proportion of the original stimulus.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Preparing the body for 'fight or flight' responses

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of top-down processing in perception?

Accepted Answer

Recognizing a familiar face in a crowd based on prior knowledge

Question 18

Which of the following formulas correctly calculates the mode of a data set?

Accepted Answer

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in the data set.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of sensory adaptation?

Accepted Answer

The process by which sensory receptors become less sensitive to constant stimuli over time.

Question 20

A psychologist is studying the effect of a new drug on anxiety. To avoid bias, neither the participants nor the experimenters know who receives the drug or placebo. What is this procedure called?

Accepted Answer

Double-blind study

Foundations of Psychology: Key Concepts and Biological Bases

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