Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the observable characteristics.

Question 2

A researcher is studying identical twins raised apart to determine the influence of genetics versus environment on intelligence. Which study design is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Twin study

Question 3

Which of the following statements about heritability is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Heritability estimates apply only to variations within a group living in a particular environment.

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with traits that are advantageous in a given environment tend to survive and reproduce more, making those traits more common over generations.

Question 5

In the context of behavioural genetics, what is the role of genetic markers?

Accepted Answer

They are DNA segments that vary among individuals and help locate genes associated with specific traits.

Question 6

Which of the following is a common misconception about the evolutionary view of human sexual strategies?

Accepted Answer

That questionnaire responses always reflect real-life behavior.

Question 7

A child’s height is determined by both their genetic makeup and their nutrition. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Phenotype influenced by genotype and environment.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a universal human characteristic identified by evolutionary psychologists?

Accepted Answer

Ability to speak multiple languages fluently

Question 9

If a trait has a heritability estimate of $$0.2$$, what does this mean?

Accepted Answer

20% of the variation in the trait within a group is due to genetic differences.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why identical twins are often used in behavioural genetics research?

Accepted Answer

They share nearly 100% of their DNA, allowing researchers to isolate environmental effects.

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE about the human genome?

Accepted Answer

It consists of all the DNA, including genes, that make up an individual.

Question 12

Which of the following is a criticism of the evolutionary view of human behavior?

Accepted Answer

It relies too heavily on stereotypes and questionnaire data that may not reflect actual behavior.

Question 13

Which statement about gene expression is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gene expression depends on the cell type and environmental factors.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of evolution as understood by evolutionary psychologists?

Accepted Answer

Change in the frequency of genes occurring in a population over generations.

Question 15

A psychologist claims that culture acts as a 'leash' on human behavior. According to critics, what is a major issue with this analogy?

Accepted Answer

It oversimplifies the complex interaction between genetics and culture.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a multi-step problem involving genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A child inherits the allele for brown eyes from both parents (genotype $$BB) $$but develops blue eyes due to a rare environmental factor affecting melanin production (phenotype).

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the use of genetic markers in research?

Accepted Answer

They help identify DNA segments associated with specific traits by varying among individuals.

Question 18

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of heritability ($$h^2) $$for a trait?

Accepted Answer

$$h^2$$ = \frac{V_G}{V_P}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genes and proteins?

Accepted Answer

Genes contain instructions for making proteins through sequences of nucleotides.

Question 20

A psychologist is studying the tendency for people to help close relatives more than strangers. Which evolutionary concept does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Kin selection

Genes, Evolution, and Environment: Foundations of Behavioral Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

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