Q: Which equation correctly represents the relationship between heritability and environmentability?

$$\text{heritability} + \text{environmentability} = 1$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of heritability in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Heritability is the proportion of phenotypic variance in a population that is attributable to genetic variance.

Question 2

If the heritability of intelligence in a population is $$h^2 = 0.7$, what does this mean?

Accepted Answer

70% of the variation in intelligence in this population is due to genetic differences.

Question 3

Which study design is best suited to disentangle the effects of genes and environment on a trait?

Accepted Answer

Adoption studies

Question 4

In twin studies, why are monozygotic twins especially valuable for studying heritability?

Accepted Answer

They share 100% of their genes, allowing researchers to isolate genetic effects from environmental ones.

Question 5

A researcher finds that the correlation for IQ scores between monozygotic twins is $$r = 0.81$$ and between dizygotic twins is $$r = 0.55. $$What does this suggest about the heritability of IQ?

Accepted Answer

IQ has a substantial genetic component, as monozygotic twins are more similar than dizygotic twins.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Height, which is influenced by many genes.

Question 7

If two parents are both heterozygous for detached earlobes ($$Ee$$), what is the expected genotypic ratio among their children?

Accepted Answer

$$1EE : 2Ee : 1ee$$

Question 8

Which statement about heritability is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A high heritability means a trait is unaffected by the environment.

Question 9

In a population where all individuals are raised in identical environments, what would you expect the heritability of a trait to be?

Accepted Answer

High, because environmental variance is minimized.

Question 10

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup ($$EE$$, $$Ee$$, $$ee$$), while phenotype is the observable trait (detached or attached earlobes).

Question 11

A family study finds that schizophrenia occurs in 13% of children of affected parents, but only 1% in the general population. What does this suggest?

Accepted Answer

There is a genetic component to schizophrenia.

Question 12

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between heritability and environmentability?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{heritability} + 	ext{environmentability} = 1$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a common misconception about heritability?

Accepted Answer

Heritability tells us how much of a trait in an individual is due to genes.

Question 14

A plant breeder grows genetically different plants in identical nutrient solutions and lighting. If the plants show different heights, what is the likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The differences in height are due to genetic variance, since the environment is uniform.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes monogenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A trait determined by one pair of genes.

Question 16

In a twin study, if identical twins raised apart are more similar on a trait than fraternal twins raised together, what does this suggest?

Accepted Answer

Genetic factors play a significant role in the trait.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a method commonly used to study heritability?

Accepted Answer

Case-control studies

Question 18

If a trait has a heritability of $$h^2 = 0.0$, what does this mean?

Accepted Answer

Genes do not contribute to individual differences in this trait.

Question 19

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of environmentability?

Accepted Answer

Children with the same genetic makeup show different reading abilities due to differences in schooling.

Genes, Heritability, and Brain Structure: Psychology Study Notes

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