Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'epigenetics' as discussed in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that do not alter the DNA sequence but can be passed on when cells divide.

Question 2

A child inherits one allele for brown eyes (B) and one for blue eyes (b). According to Mendelian genetics, what is the child's eye color phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Brown eyes, because the brown allele is dominant over the blue allele.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a polygenic trait?

Accepted Answer

Height

Question 4

Why are animal models, such as zebrafish and fruit flies, useful in genetic research related to human development?

Accepted Answer

Because they allow researchers to study common genetic pathways and test treatments before human trials.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about sex chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

The 23rd pair of chromosomes determines assigned sex at conception.

Question 6

A genetic disorder that requires two copies of a mutated gene to be expressed is called:

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates a genotype–environment interaction (G×E)?

Accepted Answer

A child with a genetic risk for anxiety develops anxiety only after experiencing chronic stress.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about monozygotic (MZ) twins?

Accepted Answer

They share nearly 100% of their genes.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of an X-linked genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Fragile X syndrome

Question 10

A person with the genotype AS for the hemoglobin gene (sickle cell trait) is usually healthy and has partial protection against malaria. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A fitness trade-off (heterozygote advantage)

Question 11

Which process increases genetic diversity by reducing the chromosome number by half in sex cells?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the reaction range model of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Genetics provides a range of possible IQ scores, and environment determines where within that range someone ends up.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a passive genotype–environment correlation?

Accepted Answer

A child inherits athletic genes and is raised in a family that values and provides athletic opportunities.

Question 14

Which brain structure connects the left and right hemispheres and is important for integrating information across both sides?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a typical outcome of myelination during childhood brain development?

Accepted Answer

Slower neural communication

Question 16

A child with Down syndrome has 47 chromosomes due to an extra copy of chromosome 21. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Aneuploidy

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the sum total of all genes inherited, while phenotype is the observable expression of those genes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of how environment can 'switch on' genetic risk?

Accepted Answer

A child with a genetic risk for type 2 diabetes develops the condition after years of poor diet and little exercise.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about genetic counseling is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Genetic counseling helps people understand genetic risks, interpret testing, and make informed decisions about family planning.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the main function of the frontal lobe?

Accepted Answer

Supporting executive functions such as planning, decision-making, and impulse control

Genetics and Development: Foundations for Psychology Students

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