Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between degree of relatedness and likelihood of helping in a life-threatening situation, as shown in the kin selection graph?

$$\text{Likelihood of helping} \propto \text{Degree of relatedness}$$

Q: Which equation best represents cognitive dissonance reduction strategies?

$$\text{Dissonance reduction} = \text{Change behavior} + \text{Change cognition} + \text{Add new cognition}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between explicit and implicit prejudice?

$$\text{Total prejudice} = \text{Explicit prejudice} + \text{Implicit prejudice}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes prosocial behavior, as illustrated by the first four images in the set?

Accepted Answer

Behavior that benefits another person, such as helping, giving, sharing, or cooperating

Question 2

The cartoon showing people in their apartments using hashtags instead of helping someone in distress is an example of which psychological phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Bystander effect

Question 3

According to the five-step model of helping in an emergency, which step is most likely to be disrupted by the presence of many bystanders?

Accepted Answer

Take responsibility

Question 4

Which concept explains why people are more likely to help their close relatives in life-threatening situations, as shown in the kin selection graph?

Accepted Answer

Kin selection

Question 5

A person helps a stranger escape from a burning building without regard for their own safety. This behavior is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Altruism

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a situational influence that increases the likelihood of helping, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Being in a hurry

Question 7

The 'bystander effect' is most likely to occur when:

Accepted Answer

There are many people present and responsibility is diffused

Question 8

Which equation best represents the relationship between degree of relatedness and likelihood of helping in a life-threatening situation, as shown in the kin selection graph?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Likelihood of helping} \propto 	ext{Degree of relatedness}$$

Question 9

Which real-world scenario best illustrates the concept of diffusion of responsibility?

Accepted Answer

A subway car full of passengers ignores the cries of a mugged man

Question 10

Which of the following is a common misconception about the bystander effect?

Accepted Answer

People fail to help because they are inherently uncaring

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of the norm of reciprocity?

Accepted Answer

Helping someone because they helped you in the past

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the ABC model of attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Affective, Behavioral, Cognitive components combine to form an overall attitude

Question 13

According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, which route to persuasion is most likely used when the audience is motivated and able to process information?

Accepted Answer

Central route

Question 14

Which of the following is a peripheral cue in persuasion?

Accepted Answer

Source attractiveness

Question 15

Which equation best represents cognitive dissonance reduction strategies?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Dissonance reduction} = 	ext{Change behavior} + 	ext{Change cognition} + 	ext{Add new cognition}$$

Question 16

Which scenario best illustrates cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A person who values health eats unhealthy food and rationalizes their choice

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of prejudice, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Reciprocity

Question 18

Which equation best represents the relationship between explicit and implicit prejudice?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total prejudice} = 	ext{Explicit prejudice} + 	ext{Implicit prejudice}$$

Question 19

Which real-world example best illustrates the scapegoat hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Anti-Asian racism during COVID-19

Question 20

According to the Robber’s Cave study, what is the most effective way to reduce intergroup hostility?

Accepted Answer

Working together to achieve a superordinate goal

Helping and Harming Others: Prosocial Behavior, Aggression, and Attitudes

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