Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of prosocial behavior as defined in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A person helps a stranger change a flat tire on a cold day without expecting anything in return.

Question 2

According to the bystander effect, which of the following is most likely to occur when a person is in need of help in a crowded public place?

Accepted Answer

Each bystander feels less personal responsibility to help, decreasing the likelihood that anyone will intervene.

Question 3

Which step in the five-step model of helping is most directly affected by diffusion of responsibility?

Accepted Answer

Take responsibility

Question 4

Burnstein et al. (1994) found that people are most likely to risk their lives for which group, according to kin selection theory?

Accepted Answer

Parents, siblings, or children

Question 5

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the norm of reciprocity?

Accepted Answer

A person helps a friend move, expecting that the friend will help them in the future.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of true altruism as defined in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Helping a stranger escape a dangerous situation without any expectation of reward or recognition.

Question 7

According to the frustration-aggression theory, what is the primary cause of aggression?

Accepted Answer

Being prevented from achieving an important goal

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between hostile and instrumental aggression?

Accepted Answer

Hostile aggression is motivated by anger, while instrumental aggression is goal-oriented.

Question 9

Based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model, which route to persuasion is most likely to be used when the audience is highly motivated and able to process information?

Accepted Answer

Central route

Question 10

Which of the following is a peripheral cue that can influence persuasion?

Accepted Answer

The attractiveness of the communicator

Question 11

A person who believes that 'bad things happen to bad people' and blames victims for their misfortune is demonstrating which psychological concept?

Accepted Answer

Just-world hypothesis

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A person who values honesty but tells a lie and then feels uncomfortable.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of implicit prejudice?

Accepted Answer

A person unconsciously associates negative traits with a group, as measured by the Implicit Association Test.

Question 14

According to research on the 'culture of honour,' which group is more likely to show increased aggression after being insulted?

Accepted Answer

Southern students

Question 15

Which of the following is a key finding from the Robber’s Cave study?

Accepted Answer

Competition between groups leads to hostility, but working together toward a common goal reduces tension.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the ABC model of attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Affective, Behavioral, Cognitive components combine to form an overall attitude.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of discrimination as defined in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Refusing to hire someone because they own a small white dog.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of the bystander effect?

Accepted Answer

A subway car full of passengers ignores the cries of a man being mugged.

Question 19

According to the research on media depictions of quarterbacks, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Quarterbacks of color are more likely to have their successes attributed to running ability.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why exposure to counter-stereotypical imagery can reduce implicit bias?

Accepted Answer

It challenges automatic associations and can reshape unconscious attitudes.

Helping and Harming Others: Prosocial Behavior, Aggression, and Attitudes

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