Question 1

Which process is responsible for the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) in humans, and how does it differ from the process that creates body cells?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis; it produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as body cells.

Question 2

A child inherits a genetic disorder that only appears when both parents pass on a defective gene, but neither parent shows symptoms. What type of inheritance is this?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the sum of all inherited genes, while phenotype is the expression of those genes influenced by the environment.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about DNA base pairing is correct?

Accepted Answer

$$A$$ pairs with $$T$$ and $$C$$ pairs with $$G.$$

Question 5

A woman who is a carrier for the gene causing color blindness (an X-linked recessive trait) has children with a man who has normal color vision. What is the probability that their son will be color blind?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Height

Question 7

What is the main function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

To carry oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and return carbon dioxide to the lungs

Question 8

Which chromosomal abnormality is associated with Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21

Question 9

If a child inherits one dominant allele for brown eyes ($$B) $$and one recessive allele for blue eyes ($$b$$), what will their eye color be?

Accepted Answer

Brown, because the dominant allele masks the recessive allele

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of CRISPR-Cas9 in gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

It is a tool that can add, remove, or alter specific locations of genes.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is correct?

Accepted Answer

mtDNA is inherited exclusively from the mother.

Question 12

A person with sickle cell disease has a mutation in which gene, and what is the effect on hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A mutation in the HBB gene, causing abnormal hemoglobin that leads to sickle-shaped red blood cells

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the number of chromosomes in humans compared to other species?

Accepted Answer

The number of chromosomes does not correlate with organism complexity.

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the replacement of old or damaged cells in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 15

A woman with one mutated gene for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and one normal gene has a child with a man who does not have the mutation. What is the probability that their son will have DMD?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes epigenetics?

Accepted Answer

It is the study of how environmental factors can affect gene expression without changing the DNA sequence.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about autosomal dominant disorders?

Accepted Answer

They can be passed on even if only one parent has the mutated gene.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of gene therapy being used to treat a genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Using CRISPR to edit the BCL11A gene in patients with sickle cell disease to increase fetal hemoglobin production.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why Huntington's disease persists in the population despite being a fatal dominant disorder?

Accepted Answer

Symptoms usually appear after reproductive age, allowing the gene to be passed on before symptoms develop.

Heredity and Genetics: Foundations of Biological Psychology

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