Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of bidirectional influences in developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

A child's temperament influences how parents interact with them, and parental responses further shape the child's temperament.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the nature-nurture debate is most accurate according to current developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

Both nature and nurture interact to influence development, and their relative contributions depend on the specific aspect of development.

Question 3

A child is able to understand that when water is poured from a short, wide glass into a tall, thin glass, the amount of water remains the same. According to Piaget, which stage has this child reached?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a teratogen?

Accepted Answer

A viral infection such as chicken pox during pregnancy

Question 5

According to Piaget, what is the primary cognitive limitation of children in the preoperational stage?

Accepted Answer

Inability to perform mental operations and egocentrism

Question 6

A researcher observes that a child can solve math problems only when using physical objects, but struggles with abstract concepts. According to Piaget, which stage is this child most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Question 7

Which parenting style is characterized by high support and clear, firm limits?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative

Question 8

A child who is slow to adapt to new situations but eventually warms up and participates is best described as having which temperament?

Accepted Answer

Slow-to-warm up

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of assimilation in Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

Absorbing new experiences into current mental models

Question 10

A psychologist is studying the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol. Which disorder is most likely to be observed in children exposed to high levels of alcohol in utero?

Accepted Answer

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FAS)

Question 11

Which of the following is a primary sex characteristic that emerges during adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Development of reproductive organs

Question 12

According to Lev Vygotsky, what is the 'zone of proximal development'?

Accepted Answer

The phase during which children can benefit from instruction with guidance

Question 13

Which attachment style is most commonly observed in infants according to the Strange Situation task?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Question 14

A child who believes that everyone sees the world exactly as they do is demonstrating which cognitive limitation?

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'scaffolding' in Vygotsky's theory?

Accepted Answer

Structuring the learning environment and gradually removing support as children improve

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of gene-environment interaction?

Accepted Answer

A child with a genetic risk for depression only develops symptoms after experiencing significant life stress.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why developmental milestones are achieved in the same sequence across cultures, even if the timing varies?

Accepted Answer

Physical maturity sets the order, but environment can affect the timing.

Question 18

A 14-year-old believes that no one else can possibly understand their feelings or experiences. According to adolescent cognitive development, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Personal fable

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the main finding from Harry Harlow’s research with infant monkeys?

Accepted Answer

Physical contact and comfort are crucial for attachment, even more than nourishment.

Question 20

A child who is able to reason about hypothetical situations and solve abstract problems is most likely in which of Piaget’s stages?

Accepted Answer

Formal operational

Human Development: How and Why We Change (Developmental Psychology)

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