Question 1

Which of the following is a common side effect of both atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) that patients should be warned about when starting therapy?

Accepted Answer

Vertigo and fatigue

Question 2

A 64-year-old African-American female with hypertension is switched from captopril to losartan. What is the primary mechanism by which losartan lowers blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Blocking angiotensin II receptors, reducing aldosterone-mediated volume retention

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between blood pressure, cardiac output, and resistance?

Accepted Answer

$$BP = CO 	imes R$$

Question 4

Why are thiazide diuretics like HCTZ often preferred for treating hypertension in African-American patients?

Accepted Answer

African-American patients respond better to thiazide diuretics than to ACE inhibitors

Question 5

A patient taking antihypertensive medications is advised to change positions slowly. What is the primary reason for this instruction?

Accepted Answer

To avoid orthostatic hypotension and possible fainting

Question 6

Which of the following is a contraindication for prescribing ACE inhibitors like captopril?

Accepted Answer

History of angioedema

Question 7

A patient with hypertension presents with a GFR of less than 60 ml/hr. What does this finding suggest?

Accepted Answer

Possible chronic kidney disease due to hypertension

Question 8

Which of the following antihypertensive medications is least effective in African-American patients?

Accepted Answer

Beta-blockers like atenolol

Question 9

A patient with hypertension and diabetes is found to have retinopathy. What does this indicate about the progression of her disease?

Accepted Answer

She has developed end-organ damage due to chronic hypertension

Question 10

Which of the following is a major risk factor for hypertension-induced end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in African-Americans?

Accepted Answer

Higher prevalence and earlier onset of hypertension

Question 11

A patient with hypertension is prescribed nifedipine. What is the primary mechanism of action of this drug?

Accepted Answer

Blockade of calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle

Question 12

Which of the following laboratory findings is most consistent with metabolic syndrome in a hypertensive patient?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol 268, triglycerides 230, glucose 105

Question 13

Which of the following is a common side effect of thiazide diuretics like HCTZ?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Question 14

A patient with hypertension is non-compliant with non-pharmacological interventions. Which of the following lifestyle modifications is most likely to help lower her blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss and regular exercise

Question 15

Which organ is primarily responsible for long-term regulation of blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Question 16

A patient with hypertension is started on metoprolol. Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of this medication?

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why antihypertensive therapy often requires more than one medication?

Accepted Answer

Different medications target different mechanisms regulating blood pressure

Question 18

A patient with hypertension experiences dizziness and fainting after starting a new medication. Which class of antihypertensive drugs is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a recommended assessment for evaluating cardiac risk status in a hypertensive patient?

Accepted Answer

Measuring liver enzymes only

Question 20

A patient with hypertension is prescribed losartan. Which of the following effects is expected from this medication?

Accepted Answer

Decreased resistance and volume by blocking angiotensin II effects

Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Assessment, and Management (Case Study)

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