Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of synaptic pruning in early brain development?

Accepted Answer

The reduction of neural connections, strengthening those that are used and eliminating those that are not.

Question 2

A 10-month-old infant is able to pick up small objects using the thumb and forefinger. Which developmental milestone has this child achieved?

Accepted Answer

Pincer Grasp

Question 3

According to Piaget, when a child calls all four-legged animals 'doggie,' this is an example of which cognitive process?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Question 4

Which reflex is characterized by a baby turning its head toward a stimulus when the cheek is stroked, and what is its typical duration?

Accepted Answer

Rooting reflex; disappears at three to four months

Question 5

A child who is extremely distressed when the caregiver leaves, but is ambivalent and not easily comforted upon return, is displaying which attachment style according to Ainsworth?

Accepted Answer

Ambivalent (resistant) attachment

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of neuroplasticity in infancy?

Accepted Answer

The brain's ability to create new neural communication routes and rewire existing ones in response to experience or injury.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the 'easy child' temperament described by Chess and Thomas?

Accepted Answer

Cries frequently and is difficult to soothe

Question 8

Which reflex is permanent and does not disappear during infancy?

Accepted Answer

Blinking reflex

Question 9

A 2-year-old child weighs 32 pounds. If the average newborn weighs 8 pounds, by what factor has the child's weight increased, and does this fit the expected pattern of physical growth?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{32}{8} = 4$$; Yes, weight typically quadruples by age 2.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the cephalocaudal principle of motor development?

Accepted Answer

Development proceeds from head to tail.

Question 11

A child who is withdrawn, shows minimal social responsiveness, and has experienced severe neglect may be diagnosed with which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a gross motor skill in infancy?

Accepted Answer

Balancing while sitting unassisted

Question 13

According to Erikson, what is the primary psychosocial task of infancy?

Accepted Answer

Developing a sense of trust in caregivers

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between temperament and personality?

Accepted Answer

Temperament is an innate characteristic, while personality results from the interplay of biological disposition and experience.

Question 15

Which Piagetian substage is characterized by infants combining simple behaviors to achieve a specific goal, such as crawling to retrieve a toy?

Accepted Answer

Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions

Question 16

A baby startles, throws out arms and legs, and then pulls them toward the body in response to a sudden noise. Which reflex is this, and when does it typically disappear?

Accepted Answer

Moro reflex; disappears at three to four months

Question 17

Which of the following statements about language development in infancy is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Receptive language develops before expressive language.

Question 18

Which attachment style is characterized by a child who avoids or ignores the caregiver, showing little emotion when the caregiver departs or returns?

Accepted Answer

Avoidant attachment

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of myelin in early brain development?

Accepted Answer

Myelin insulates axons, speeding up neural transmission and improving coordination.

Question 20

A child who is slow to adapt to new situations, has a low activity level, and is often negative in mood would be classified as which temperament type?

Accepted Answer

Slow-to-warm-up child

Infancy and Toddlerhood: Physical, Cognitive, and Psychosocial Development

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