Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the cephalocaudal principle of physical growth in infancy?

Accepted Answer

An infant first learns to control head movements before being able to sit up and walk.

Question 2

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for transferring sensory information from the body to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Question 3

A researcher observes that an infant quickly loses interest in a toy after repeated exposure, but then shows renewed attention when a new toy is presented. Which cognitive process is being demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

Habituation followed by dishabituation

Question 4

Which of the following is a key risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) that parents can most directly control?

Accepted Answer

Placing infants to sleep on their stomachs

Question 5

According to Piaget, which process involves changing an existing schema to incorporate new information?

Accepted Answer

Accommodation

Question 6

A 10-month-old infant sees her mother point to a dog and say 'dog.' The infant looks at the dog and then back at her mother. This behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Joint attention

Question 7

Which of the following statements about infant-directed speech (IDS) is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

IDS is characterized by higher pitch, exaggerated intonation, and repetition, which helps infants learn language.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'goodness-of-fit' in temperament?

Accepted Answer

Children develop best when their temperament matches the demands and expectations of their environment.

Question 9

Which of the following is a primary emotion that typically emerges in the first year of life?

Accepted Answer

Fear

Question 10

A 7-month-old infant is shown a toy, which is then hidden under a blanket. The infant searches for the toy under the blanket. According to Piaget, this behavior demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

Emerging object permanence

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is effective in reducing infant mortality from diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

ORT replaces lost fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the development of fine motor skills in infancy?

Accepted Answer

By 9–12 months, infants typically develop the pincer grasp, allowing them to pick up small objects.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of myelination in brain development during infancy?

Accepted Answer

Myelination increases the speed and efficiency of neural connections.

Question 14

A parent is concerned that their infant will not develop language skills because they do not use infant-directed speech (IDS). Based on research, what is the most accurate response?

Accepted Answer

Children can still acquire language fluently if they are immersed in a language-rich environment, even without IDS.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of intermodal perception in infancy?

Accepted Answer

An infant turns their head toward a sound and looks at the source.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-4) is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is primarily used to screen for serious developmental delays or disorders in infants.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the main difference between Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory and information-processing approaches?

Accepted Answer

Piaget’s theory proposes stage-like changes, while information-processing approaches view development as continuous and gradual.

Question 18

A 12-month-old infant understands about 50 words but can only say a few. This demonstrates that:

Accepted Answer

Language comprehension exceeds language production in infancy.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the 'A-not-B error' in infant cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

An infant repeatedly searches for a toy under the first blanket it was hidden, even after seeing it moved to a second blanket.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why infants in some cultures develop shyness that is viewed positively, while in others it is seen as a problem?

Accepted Answer

Cultural values influence the goodness-of-fit between temperament and social expectations.

Infancy: Physical, Cognitive, Emotional, and Social Development

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