Question 1

Which of the following best describes the scientific method as used in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A process of collecting observations, developing theories, and making predictions based on those theories.

Question 2

According to the biopsychosocial model, which of the following factors would NOT be considered when explaining human behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Astrological signs

Question 3

Which statement best illustrates the principle of parsimony in scientific thinking?

Accepted Answer

Accepting the simplest explanation that accounts for all observed phenomena.

Question 4

Empiricism in psychology refers to the belief that:

Accepted Answer

Knowledge comes from experience and observation.

Question 5

Which formula, proposed by Kurt Lewin, expresses the relationship between behaviour, individual traits, and environment?

Accepted Answer

$$B = f(I, E)$$

Question 6

A nurse notices that a patient becomes anxious when entering a clinic due to previous painful procedures. Which psychological concept best explains this response?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between structuralism and functionalism?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism focuses on breaking down mental processes into basic elements, while functionalism emphasizes the purpose of behaviour and consciousness.

Question 8

Which approach in psychology would most likely study how hormones and genetics influence behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Biological perspective

Question 9

Francis Galton contributed to psychology by:

Accepted Answer

Developing statistical methods to study human differences.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a falsifiable hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

"People who get at least 7 hours of sleep will perform better on memory tests than those who do not."

Question 11

Which psychological perspective would most likely examine how social norms and expectations influence behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural perspective

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the Law of Effect as proposed by Edward Thorndike?

Accepted Answer

Behaviours followed by satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated.

Question 13

Which concept did Freud use to explain how forgotten childhood experiences and hidden urges can influence behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The unconscious mind

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Accepting claims without evidence

Question 15

Which of the following best illustrates critical thinking in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Questioning assumptions and evaluating evidence before drawing conclusions.

Question 16

Which historical figure is credited with founding the first psychology laboratory and using introspection?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 17

Which psychological approach focuses on personal growth, self-fulfillment, and the positive aspects of humanity?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychology

Question 18

Which of the following is a key component of scientific literacy?

Accepted Answer

Application of scientific findings to real-world situations

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a theory and an opinion in science?

Accepted Answer

A theory is a well-supported explanation based on evidence; an opinion is a personal belief not necessarily supported by evidence.

Question 20

Which of the following best represents the application of the biopsychosocial model in nursing practice?

Accepted Answer

Considering biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors when assessing and treating patients.

Introduction to Psychological Science: Foundations, Methods, and Perspectives

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