Question 1

Which psychologist is most closely associated with the founding of the first psychology laboratory and the use of introspection?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 2

According to functionalism, what is the primary focus when studying mental processes?

Accepted Answer

How mental processes help people adapt to their environment

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the concept of falsifiability in scientific hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis must be specific enough to be proven false if wrong

Question 4

A researcher claims that 'all swans are black.' According to the principle of falsifiability, what would disprove this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Finding a white swan

Question 5

Which branch of psychology focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders using the scientist-practitioner model?

Accepted Answer

Clinical Psychology

Question 6

Which logical fallacy is illustrated by the statement: 'It feels wrong, so it must be false'?

Accepted Answer

Emotional reasoning fallacy

Question 7

What is the main difference between basic research and applied research in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Basic research studies how the mind works, while applied research uses psychological research to improve daily life

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of psychological pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

Relying on horoscopes to predict personality traits

Question 9

According to the scientific method, what is the correct sequence of steps for investigating a psychological phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Identify a question, formulate a hypothesis, conduct research, report findings

Question 10

Which psychologist believed that behavior could not be studied objectively and focused on observable behavior and how to control it?

Accepted Answer

John B. Watson

Question 11

A person continues to believe a claim even after being presented with strong evidence against it. Which bias does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Belief perseverance

Question 12

Which theory in psychology emphasizes the influence of Darwin’s theory of natural selection on behavior and mental processes?

Accepted Answer

Functionalism

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'confirmation bias'?

Accepted Answer

Seeking out evidence that supports our beliefs and ignoring evidence that contradicts them

Question 14

Which of the following is a key feature of a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

It is a broad explanation for many findings in the natural world

Question 15

Which psychologist is most associated with the development of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 16

A hypothesis states: 'The more people at an accident, the longer it takes for someone to help.' What concept does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Bystander effect

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a recommended antidote to pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

Rely on personal anecdotes

Question 18

Which branch of psychology studies workplace behavior and organizational processes?

Accepted Answer

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Question 19

If a scientist only accepts evidence that supports their initial hypothesis and ignores contradictory data, which bias are they demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship described in the bystander effect hypothesis: 'The more people at an accident, the longer it takes for someone to help'?

Accepted Answer

$$t = k 	imes n$$

Introduction to Psychology: Foundational Concepts and Methods

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