Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main focus of structuralism in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Understanding the structure and characteristics of the mind through introspection

Question 2

A psychologist is interested in whether time spent studying is related to exam scores. Which research method is most appropriate for examining the relationship between these two variables?

Accepted Answer

Correlational study

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a falsifiable hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

All swans are black

Question 4

According to B.F. Skinner, which principle is most important in driving behavior?

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement and punishment

Question 5

A researcher wants to ensure that every student in a university has an equal chance of being selected for a study. Which sampling method should they use?

Accepted Answer

Random selection

Question 6

Which of the following is a warning sign of pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

Extraordinary claims without extraordinary evidence

Question 7

A psychologist is conducting a study in which they watch children play in a park without interfering. Which research method are they using?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 8

Which of the following best illustrates confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

A scientist only looks for evidence that supports their hypothesis and ignores contradictory data

Question 9

Which theoretical perspective in psychology focuses on the role of a person's unconscious on early childhood experiences?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic (Psychodynamic)

Question 10

A study finds that as the number of hours spent watching TV increases, physical fitness decreases. What type of correlation is this?

Accepted Answer

Negative correlation

Question 11

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using case studies in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Low external validity

Question 12

Which branch of psychology is most likely to focus on the treatment, assessment, and diagnosis of mental disorders?

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychology

Question 13

A researcher defines 'stress' as the score on a standardized stress questionnaire. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Operational definition

Question 14

Which of the following is a logical fallacy involving the use of emotions rather than evidence to make a decision?

Accepted Answer

Emotional reasoning fallacy

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between a population and a sample in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

A population is the entire group of interest, while a sample is a smaller group drawn from the population

Question 16

Which of the following is a danger of pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

Opportunity cost

Question 17

A psychologist wants to study the effect of a new teaching method on student performance. Which research design would best allow them to determine causality?

Accepted Answer

Experimental design

Question 18

Which of the following is a key advantage of naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

High external validity

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the main idea of functionalism in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Focus on the purpose of cognitive processes and how they help us adapt

Question 20

A student claims, 'Everyone believes this therapy works, so it must be effective.' This is an example of which logical fallacy?

Accepted Answer

Bandwagon fallacy

Introduction to Psychology: Foundations, Perspectives, and Research Methods

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