$$\text{Hypothesis} \rightarrow \text{Prediction} \rightarrow \text{Observation} \rightarrow \text{Support/Refute}$$

$$\text{Theory} \rightarrow \text{Hypothesis} \rightarrow \text{Testable Prediction}$$

Question 1

Which psychologist is credited with establishing the first psychology laboratory and is associated with the school of structuralism?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 2

Functionalism, as a school of thought in psychology, is most closely associated with which concept?

Accepted Answer

Examining the purpose of cognitive processes and how behavior functions

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the scientific method in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A way of learning about the world through collecting observations, developing theories, and making predictions

Question 4

Which logical fallacy involves using emotions rather than evidence to support a claim?

Accepted Answer

Emotional reasoning fallacy

Question 5

A hypothesis in psychology must be falsifiable. Which of the following statements is falsifiable?

Accepted Answer

"All swans are black."

Question 6

Which school of thought in psychology focuses on observable behavior and ways to control it, rejecting the study of the mind?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism

Question 7

According to the study materials, what is confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

The tendency to seek out evidence that supports our hypothesis while neglecting contrary evidence

Question 8

Which psychologist is known for studying the principles of modifying behavior through reinforcement and punishment (operant conditioning)?

Accepted Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 9

Which of the following is a danger of pseudoscience according to the course materials?

Accepted Answer

It can lead to opportunity cost, direct harm, and a lack of critical thinking

Question 10

Which branch of psychology is focused on research and understanding how the mind works, rather than applying research to solve real-world problems?

Accepted Answer

Experimental psychology

Question 11

Which concept describes the tendency to detect meaningful patterns in random stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Patternicity

Question 12

Which school of thought in psychology emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a warning sign of pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

Systematic observation and falsifiable hypotheses

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of the bandwagon fallacy?

Accepted Answer

"Everyone believes this treatment works, so it must be effective."

Question 15

Which equation best represents the process of hypothesis testing in psychology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hypothesis} ightarrow 	ext{Prediction} ightarrow 	ext{Observation} ightarrow 	ext{Support/Refute}$$

Question 16

Which school of thought in psychology is most concerned with how thinking affects behavior, rather than reward or punishment?

Accepted Answer

Cognitivism

Question 17

A student claims that 'out of sight, out of mind' is always true because it feels intuitive. Which bias does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Naive realism

Question 18

Which of the following is a critical thinking skill emphasized in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Evaluating claims open-mindedly and carefully using the scientific method

Question 19

Which equation best describes the relationship between theory and hypothesis in scientific psychology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Theory} ightarrow 	ext{Hypothesis} ightarrow 	ext{Testable Prediction}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of opportunity cost as a danger of pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

Spending time and money on a questionable treatment instead of proven therapy

Introduction to Psychology: Foundations, Perspectives, and Course Overview

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