Question 1

Which of the following best describes the biopsychosocial approach in psychology?

Accepted Answer

It integrates biological, psychological, and social factors to understand behavior.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory. She forms a hypothesis, collects data, analyzes results, and draws conclusions. Which approach is she using?

Accepted Answer

Scientific approach

Question 3

Which of the following is a key difference between experimental and correlational research designs?

Accepted Answer

Experimental designs can establish causality, while correlational designs cannot.

Question 4

A psychologist measures the frequency of aggressive acts in a group of children. Which descriptive statistic is she most likely using?

Accepted Answer

Frequency

Question 5

Which formula represents the calculation of the mean ($$\mu) $$for a set of scores $$x_1$$, $$x_2$$, ..., x_n$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\mu = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i}{n}$$

Question 6

Which statement best describes the function of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It transmits electrical and chemical signals throughout the nervous system.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a type of glial cell?

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Question 8

The resting membrane potential of a neuron is typically around:

Accepted Answer

$$-70 mV$$

Question 9

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 10

Which imaging technique is best suited for measuring electrical activity in the brain?

Accepted Answer

EEG

Question 11

A researcher wants to compare the central tendency and variability of two groups. Which statistics should she use?

Accepted Answer

Mean and standard deviation

Question 12

Which formula is used to calculate the standard deviation ($$\sigma) of a $$sample?

Accepted Answer

$$\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \mu)^2$}{n-1}}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best illustrates the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

Assuming a student failed a test because they are lazy, rather than considering they might have been ill.

Question 14

Which scenario best demonstrates the self-serving bias?

Accepted Answer

A person attributes their success to their own abilities and their failures to external factors.

Question 15

Which statement best distinguishes between situational and personal attributions?

Accepted Answer

Situational attributions explain behavior by external circumstances; personal attributions explain behavior by internal traits.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a schema in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A mental structure that organizes knowledge and guides information processing.

Question 17

A group of people begin to make riskier decisions than any individual would alone. This phenomenon is known as:

Accepted Answer

Groupthink

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting sensory and motor signals between the body and the central nervous system.

Question 19

Which brain imaging technique provides detailed images of brain structure using magnetic fields?

Accepted Answer

MRI

Question 20

A psychologist wants to test the reliability of a new anxiety scale. Which method should she use?

Accepted Answer

Administer the scale to the same group twice and calculate the correlation between scores.

Introduction to Psychology: Key Concepts and Foundations

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