Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?

Accepted Answer

A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who can prescribe medication, while a psychologist typically cannot prescribe medication.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep deprivation group or a control group. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The amount of sleep participants receive

Question 3

Which of the following statements about correlation coefficients is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A correlation coefficient of $$r = -0.95$$ indicates a strong negative relationship between two variables.

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'stimulus generalization' in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivates to a bell and also to a similar-sounding chime.

Question 5

During an action potential, which of the following occurs in the neuron?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions ($$Na^+) $$rush into the neuron, causing depolarization.

Question 6

Which of the following is a key difference between classical and operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning involves learning through consequences, while classical conditioning involves learning through association.

Question 7

A person is given a mild electric shock every time they touch a doorknob. As a result, they stop touching doorknobs. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Positive punishment

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

It connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing communication between them.

Question 9

A researcher uses a PET scan to study brain activity. What is the primary advantage of a PET scan over an EEG?

Accepted Answer

A PET scan shows metabolic activity in specific brain regions, while an EEG measures overall electrical activity.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A factory worker is paid for every 10 products they assemble.

Question 11

Which Gestalt principle explains why we perceive a row of dots as a single line rather than as individual dots?

Accepted Answer

Proximity

Question 12

A person with Broca’s aphasia is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing speech but relatively good comprehension

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the 'all-or-none' response of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A neuron will fire only if the stimulus is above a certain threshold, and the action potential is always the same size.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about the difference between trichromatic theory and opponent-process theory of color vision?

Accepted Answer

Trichromatic theory proposes three types of cones sensitive to different wavelengths, while opponent-process theory explains color vision in terms of opposing pairs.

Question 15

A person is able to see nearby objects clearly but distant objects appear blurry. Which of the following best explains this condition?

Accepted Answer

The image is focused in front of the retina, causing nearsightedness.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

It relays sensory information to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex.

Question 17

In a split-brain patient, an object is presented to the left visual field. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The patient cannot verbally name the object but may be able to draw it with the left hand.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A student’s headache goes away after taking an aspirin, increasing the likelihood they will take aspirin again.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of random assignment in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

Assigning participants to experimental or control groups by chance, minimizing preexisting differences.

Question 20

A researcher finds a correlation coefficient of $$r = 0.02$$ between two variables. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is little to no relationship between the variables.

Introduction to Psychology: Key Concepts and Study Guide

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