Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main focus of structuralism in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Analyzing the basic elements of conscious experience using introspection.

Question 2

Wilhelm Wundt is often referred to as the 'father of psychology' because he:

Accepted Answer

Established the first psychology laboratory in 1879.

Question 3

A researcher wants to test whether a new drug improves memory. She gives the drug to one group and a placebo to another, but neither the participants nor the experimenters know who receives which. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A double-blind study

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct operational definition of 'stress' in a psychological experiment?

Accepted Answer

The number of times a participant reports feeling anxious in a week.

Question 5

Phineas Gage is an important figure in psychology because his case study demonstrated:

Accepted Answer

How damage to the frontal lobe can alter personality and behavior.

Question 6

If a study finds a correlation coefficient of $$ r = -0.85 $$, what does this indicate about the relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A strong negative relationship.

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is most directly associated with movement and is implicated in Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 8

A drug that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter at the synapse is called:

Accepted Answer

An antagonist

Question 9

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for regulating basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Medulla

Question 10

A patient has difficulty forming new memories after a head injury. Which brain structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 11

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for which of the following responses?

Accepted Answer

Preparing the body for 'fight or flight' in stressful situations.

Question 12

Which lobe of the brain is most involved in processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 13

In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated by the researcher is called the:

Accepted Answer

Independent variable

Question 14

Which of the following is an ethical requirement for psychological research according to the APA?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining informed consent from all participants.

Question 15

A psychologist is interested in the relationship between hours of sleep and test performance. She finds $$ r = +0.60 . $$What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

There is a moderate positive correlation; as sleep increases, test performance tends to increase.

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter is most closely linked to mood regulation and is often targeted by antidepressant medications?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 17

A person is startled by a loud noise and their heart rate increases rapidly. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 18

Damage to the Broca's area in the frontal lobe would most likely result in:

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing speech.

Question 19

Which brain structure acts as a relay station for sensory information (except smell) to the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Question 20

A psychologist uses a survey to collect data from a large group of people about their eating habits. This is an example of which research method?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive method

Introduction to Psychology: Study Guide for Unit 1 Exam

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