Question 1

Which of the following best describes a phoneme in language development?

Accepted Answer

A category of sound produced by our vocal apparatus.

Question 2

A child says, 'He runned fast' instead of 'He ran fast.' This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Overgeneralization of language rules

Question 3

According to the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (linguistic relativity), which of the following is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

The language we speak influences how we think, understand, and perceive the world.

Question 4

Which heuristic is most likely at play when a doctor diagnoses a patient with the flu because the symptoms match the 'typical' flu case, ignoring base rates of other illnesses?

Accepted Answer

Representativeness heuristic

Question 5

A judge gives a harsher sentence after hearing the prosecutor recommend a long sentence, even though the crime is minor. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Anchoring heuristic

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the availability heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Believing shark attacks are common after seeing news reports about them.

Question 7

A person continues to believe a suspect is guilty even after new evidence proves their innocence. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Belief perseverance

Question 8

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of the representativeness heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Wrongful convictions based on a suspect's 'weird' appearance.

Question 9

In the context of language acquisition, what does the 'critical period' refer to?

Accepted Answer

A window early in life when language learning is most effective.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between maximizers and satisficers?

Accepted Answer

Maximizers evaluate every option; satisficers choose an option that is 'good enough.'

Question 11

A child is able to recognize all phonemes at birth but later loses the ability to distinguish some sounds not used in their native language. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Pruning

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of functional fixedness?

Accepted Answer

Failing to realize a paperclip can be used to unlock a door.

Question 13

Which statement best reflects the interactionist view of language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

Language development is influenced by both biological predispositions and environmental exposure.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of the framing effect in medical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

A doctor tells a patient there is a 90% survival rate instead of a 10% mortality rate for a surgery.

Question 15

Which cognitive bias is most likely responsible for someone saying, 'I knew that was going to happen,' after an event occurs?

Accepted Answer

Hindsight bias

Question 16

The Guugu Yimithirr language uses cardinal directions (north, east, south, west) instead of words for left and right. According to linguistic relativity, this difference is most likely to affect:

Accepted Answer

How speakers perceive and navigate space.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a morpheme?

Accepted Answer

The smallest unit of meaning in a language.

Question 18

A person is more likely to buy insurance immediately after experiencing a natural disaster. This behavior is best explained by which heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Availability heuristic

Question 19

Which of the following is a downside of using heuristics in high-stakes situations?

Accepted Answer

They can result in costly errors and reinforce stereotypes.

Question 20

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of a prototype?

Accepted Answer

Thinking of a robin as the best example of a bird.

Language, Thinking, and Reasoning: Foundations and Applications in Psychology

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