$$\text{Life Expectancy} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} \text{Age at Death}_i}{n}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the demographic shift in the age structure of the population over the past 200 years?

Accepted Answer

The ratio of children under 15 to people over 64 has decreased from 20:1 to 3:1.

Question 2

Which term refers to the scientific study of aging and older adults?

Accepted Answer

Gerontology

Question 3

According to the study materials, which group is most likely to experience the greatest physical and cognitive decline?

Accepted Answer

Oldest-old

Question 4

Which theory of aging suggests that the body wears out over time due to accumulated damage?

Accepted Answer

Wear and tear theory

Question 5

The Hayflick limit refers to:

Accepted Answer

The maximum number of times a cell can divide before it dies.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of ageism?

Accepted Answer

Judging people solely based on their chronological age.

Question 7

Which physical change is commonly associated with osteoporosis in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Bones become brittle, fragile, and thin

Question 8

Which sensory change is most likely to affect older adults' ability to detect high-frequency sounds?

Accepted Answer

Decreased efficiency of the auditory nerve

Question 9

A patient in late adulthood is experiencing gradual memory loss and personality changes. Which neurocognitive disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Question 11

Which of the following is a reversible neurocognitive disorder that may be mistaken for dementia in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Depression

Question 12

Which concept describes the anxiety older adults may feel if they suspect their memory is fading, which in turn impairs their memory performance?

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a common physical disorder leading to death in elderly people?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes

Question 14

Which of the following best describes Erikson's final stage of psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

Integrity vs. Despair

Question 15

Which formula best represents the calculation of life expectancy?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Life Expectancy} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} 	ext{Age at Death}_i}{n}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is most likely to improve both physical and mental health in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical exercise and adequate sleep

Question 17

Which of the following is a common sexual practice in late adulthood according to research?

Accepted Answer

Masturbation

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why older adults may have difficulty with prospective memory?

Accepted Answer

Brain slowdown reduces working memory and processing speed.

Question 19

Which of the following is a strategy that older adults can use to maintain cognitive functioning?

Accepted Answer

Using memory and retrieval strategies, selective attention, and problem-solving rules

Question 20

A 75-year-old patient has experienced a series of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Which neurocognitive disorder is most likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

Vascular disease

Late Adulthood: Body and Mind – Psychology of Aging

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