Question 1

Which of the following best defines learning as described in the module?

Accepted Answer

A change in an organism’s behaviour or thoughts as a result of experience.

Question 2

In Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment with dogs, what role did the sound of a bell play after conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Question 3

A child receives praise for completing their homework. According to operant conditioning, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A student is excused from chores after getting an A on a test.

Question 5

Which schedule of reinforcement is most resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio

Question 6

A student receives extra homework for talking during class. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Positive punishment

Question 7

According to Bandura’s theory of observational learning, which process must occur first?

Accepted Answer

Attentional process

Question 8

A child learns to fear dogs after being bitten by one. Later, the child becomes afraid of all furry animals. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the Law of Effect as proposed by Thorndike?

Accepted Answer

Behaviours followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated.

Question 10

A slot machine pays out after an unpredictable number of lever pulls. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a process required for observational learning according to Bandura?

Accepted Answer

Extinction process

Question 12

A child is grounded and loses access to their video games for misbehaving. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative punishment

Question 13

Which of the following statements about learning styles is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

Students’ preferences for learning styles are unrelated to actual learning effectiveness.

Question 14

In classical conditioning, what is the correct sequence of events for learning to occur?

Accepted Answer

Neutral stimulus (NS) is paired with unconditioned stimulus (UCS), then NS becomes conditioned stimulus (CS).

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a fixed interval reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

A student receives a grade at the end of every week.

Question 16

A person takes pain medication to eliminate a headache. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement

Question 17

Which of the following best distinguishes classical conditioning from operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves elicited behaviours, while operant conditioning involves emitted behaviours.

Question 18

In the context of observational learning, what is vicarious reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Observing someone else receive a reward, which increases your likelihood of copying their behaviour.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of stimulus generalization?

Accepted Answer

A person who is bitten by a dog becomes afraid of all furry animals.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the effectiveness of reinforcement versus punishment, according to Skinner’s research?

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement is generally more effective at changing behaviour than punishment.

Learning: mod 7 Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, and Observational Learning

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