Question 1

Which research design in developmental psychology best allows researchers to study changes in the same individuals over time, and what is a major limitation of this design?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal design; limitation is that it is time-consuming and subject to participant dropout.

Question 2

A study finds that maternal exposure to high levels of fluoride during pregnancy is associated with lower IQ scores in children aged 3 to 4. What is the most plausible explanation for this finding?

Accepted Answer

Fluoride exposure acts as a teratogen, affecting brain development during pregnancy.

Question 3

Which of the following substances is considered highly teratogenic and was historically linked to limb malformations when prescribed to pregnant women?

Accepted Answer

Thalidomide

Question 4

According to Piaget, which cognitive milestone is achieved during the sensorimotor stage?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence

Question 5

A child who understands that the amount of liquid remains the same when poured into a differently shaped glass has mastered which concept, and in which Piagetian stage does this occur?

Accepted Answer

Conservation; concrete operational stage

Question 6

Which parenting style is most likely to produce children who are independent, self-reliant, and have good social skills?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative

Question 7

In Harlow's classic monkey studies, what did infant monkeys prefer when given a choice between a wire mother that provided food and a cloth mother that provided comfort?

Accepted Answer

Cloth mother, because it provided comfort

Question 8

Which attachment style is characterized by a child who is distressed when the mother leaves, but avoids her upon return?

Accepted Answer

Ambivalent

Question 9

What is a major criticism of Ainsworth's Strange Situation as a measure of attachment?

Accepted Answer

It does not account for cultural differences in parenting practices.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'kindchenschema'?

Accepted Answer

A set of physical features in infants that trigger caregiving and affection in adults

Question 11

A parent who is emotionally detached and only provides for a child's basic needs is most likely using which parenting style?

Accepted Answer

Uninvolved

Question 12

Which of the following is a key feature of adolescent cognitive development according to Piaget?

Accepted Answer

Abstract and logical thinking

Question 13

What is the main idea behind socioemotional selectivity theory in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Older adults prefer activities that emphasize positive, meaningful experiences.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the 'Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse' that predicts relationship failure?

Accepted Answer

Empathy

Question 15

A child who believes that everyone shares their perspective and knowledge is demonstrating which cognitive limitation?

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the 'personal fable' in adolescent cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Belief that one's thoughts and experiences are unique and exceptional

Question 17

Which parenting approach is most effective for fostering internal moral values and empathy in children?

Accepted Answer

Inductive discipline

Question 18

According to research, what is a protective factor for marital satisfaction after having children?

Accepted Answer

Good communication and conflict management

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why adolescents are more likely to make risky decisions compared to adults?

Accepted Answer

Developed reward system but still maturing prefrontal cortex

Question 20

What is the main difference between assimilation and accommodation in Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation involves fitting new experiences into existing schemas, accommodation involves changing schemas when new experiences don't fit.

Lifespan Development: Key Concepts in Developmental Psychology

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