Question 1

Who is considered the 'father of psychology' for establishing the first psychology laboratory and emphasizing the use of experimental methods?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 2

Which of the following best defines psychology?

Accepted Answer

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 3

A researcher finds that as the number of hours students spend studying increases, their exam scores also increase. What type of correlation is this, and how would it appear on a graph?

Accepted Answer

Positive correlation; upward-sloping line

Question 4

Which of the following correctly lists the steps of the scientific method in order?

Accepted Answer

Observe, form hypothesis, collect data, analyze results, draw conclusions

Question 5

Which research method allows for the determination of cause-and-effect relationships?

Accepted Answer

Experimental research

Question 6

A psychologist wants to study the effects of sleep deprivation on memory. Which ethical principle must be followed when recruiting participants?

Accepted Answer

Participation must be completely voluntary

Question 7

Which brain lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 8

Damage to which area of the hindbrain is most likely to result in problems with balance and coordination?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 9

Afferent neurons are responsible for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Carrying sensory information to the central nervous system

Question 10

Which method is best for studying the structure of the brain in living humans?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Question 11

Which part of the neuron is responsible for receiving incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 12

Transduction in sensation refers to:

Accepted Answer

The conversion of physical energy into neural signals

Question 13

Which theory of sight explains color vision through three types of cones sensitive to different wavelengths?

Accepted Answer

Trichromatic theory

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the three somesthetic senses?

Accepted Answer

Thermal sense

Question 15

In classical conditioning, what is the term for a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response?

Accepted Answer

Unconditioned stimulus

Question 16

A dog salivates when it hears a bell because the bell has been repeatedly paired with food. The salivation to the bell is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Conditioned response

Question 17

Which of the following best illustrates negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Taking away chores when a child gets good grades

Question 18

Which of the following is a key element of the cognitive learning theory?

Accepted Answer

Latent learning

Question 19

A patient cannot form new long-term memories after a head injury, but can recall events from before the injury. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia

Question 20

Which brain area is most directly involved in the formation of new declarative (explicit) memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Midterm Study Guide: Foundations of Psychology

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