Question 1

According to the study materials, which of the following best illustrates the sequence: motivation → emotion → behaviour?

Accepted Answer

You are hungry (motivation), you feel irritable (emotion), and you seek food (behaviour).

Question 2

Which of the following is most consistent with William James's definition of 'instinct'?

Accepted Answer

A spider spinning a web without prior experience or instruction.

Question 3

Which emotion, according to the functional approach, is most likely to interrupt current activity and focus attention on threatening information?

Accepted Answer

Fear

Question 4

According to the materials, which of the following best describes the evolutionary function of emotions?

Accepted Answer

Emotions make us want to do behaviours that are good for our inclusive fitness and avoid those that decrease it.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of emotion acting as a motivator, as described in the materials?

Accepted Answer

You feel happy, which motivates you to take more actions to increase your happiness.

Question 6

Paul Ekman's research in the 1970s provided evidence for which of the following claims?

Accepted Answer

People express and interpret emotions in similar ways across the globe.

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates the concept that behaviour is not always reasoned and can occur without learning, as per William James's view of instincts?

Accepted Answer

A newborn baby sucking reflexively when something touches its lips.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of anger according to the functional approach described in the materials?

Accepted Answer

Always leads to avoidance of the situation.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of happiness in the functional approach to emotion?

Accepted Answer

Communicates that it is safe for others to approach and is activated by gain and reward.

Question 10

According to the materials, which of the following is a correct statement about the universality and modification of emotions?

Accepted Answer

Emotions are innate and universal, but their expression can be modified by experience.

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'direct action' in emotional expression?

Accepted Answer

A person’s facial expression, intonation, and body posture changing automatically when strongly aroused.

Question 12

In the context of abnormal psychology, which of the following best describes a person who is failing to engage in activities that enhance inclusive fitness and becomes analytical and ruminative?

Accepted Answer

They are experiencing a state of rumination and problem-solving, possibly related to depression.

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the idea that some motivated behaviours can occur without emotion?

Accepted Answer

You are breathing regularly without feeling any particular emotion.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of the 'paired emotions' concept described in the materials?

Accepted Answer

A relaxed, open body posture indicating happiness, while a tense body posture indicates anger.

Question 15

According to the materials, which of the following is true about the number of facial muscles and emotion words in English?

Accepted Answer

There are many facial muscles and over a thousand words for emotions, highlighting the importance of emotions in human existence.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the findings from the rhesus monkey attachment experiment?

Accepted Answer

Monkeys formed attachments to the fuzzy surrogate, suggesting emotional comfort is more important than food.

Question 17

Which of the following best illustrates the James-Lange Theory of Emotions?

Accepted Answer

You see a bear, your heart races, and then you interpret the arousal as fear.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of disgust serving a protective function, as described in the functional approach?

Accepted Answer

Feeling disgusted by spoiled food and refusing to eat it.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between motivation, emotion, and behaviour as outlined in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Motivation can lead to behaviour without emotion, but emotion can also motivate behaviour.

Question 20

Which of the following best illustrates how attachment is both universal and modifiable by experience?

Accepted Answer

Attachment is present in all humans, but its expression varies depending on childhood experiences.

Motivation and Emotion: Functional Approaches and Theories

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