Question 1

According to the study materials, which of the following best illustrates the sequence: motivation → emotion → behaviour?

Accepted Answer

You are breathing to meet the goal of inhaling and exhaling air, and if your air supply is reduced, you experience fear, which then drives you to act to restore breathing.

Question 2

Which emotion, according to the functional approach, is most likely to interrupt current activity and direct attention to threatening information?

Accepted Answer

Fear

Question 3

William James defined 'instinct' as:

Accepted Answer

Acting in such a way as to produce a certain end, without foresight of the ends, and without previous education in the performance.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary function of emotions?

Accepted Answer

Emotions make us want to do behaviours that are good for our inclusive fitness and avoid those that decrease it.

Question 5

Paul Ekman's research in the 1970s provided evidence that:

Accepted Answer

People express and interpret emotions the same way across the globe.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of the direct action of emotion on the body, as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

A person’s facial expression, intonation, and body posture changing when strongly aroused, independently of their will.

Question 7

In the context of abnormal psychology, which behaviour is associated with failing to engage in activities that enhance inclusive fitness and engaging in rumination?

Accepted Answer

Depression

Question 8

The attachment behaviour observed in rhesus monkeys, where infants preferred a fuzzy surrogate over a wire-mesh surrogate that provided food, suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Attachment is influenced by comfort and tactile stimulation, not just food.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the James-Lange Theory of Emotions?

Accepted Answer

Physiological changes occur first, which are then interpreted as emotions.

Question 10

Which emotion, according to the functional approach, communicates that it is okay for others to approach and is activated by gain and reward?

Accepted Answer

Happiness

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the biological origins of emotions is supported by the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Emotions are innate responses but can be modified by experience.

Question 12

According to the study materials, how many muscles are in the human face, and what does this suggest about emotions?

Accepted Answer

There are many muscles in the face, and over 2,000 words to describe emotions, indicating their importance to human existence.

Question 13

Which of the following best illustrates the concept that behaviour is not always reasoned and can occur without learning, as described by William James?

Accepted Answer

A spider spinning a web without being taught.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of the paired expression of positive and negative emotions?

Accepted Answer

A relaxed, open body posture indicating happiness, and a tense body posture indicating anger.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of disgust according to the functional approach?

Accepted Answer

It helps avoid or reject noxious stimuli and can be a response to violation of cultural norms.

Question 16

A person who is actively engaged in activities that enhance their inclusive fitness and continues to do so is most likely experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Happiness

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates how emotion can act as a motivator for behaviour?

Accepted Answer

You feel happy after receiving good news and are motivated to take more actions to maintain or increase your happiness.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a behaviour that could be performed out of habit, even when it has no use, as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

A person closing their eyes and shaking their head when describing a horrible sight.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why attachment is considered universal but expressed differently across cultures?

Accepted Answer

Attachment is an innate response, but its expression is shaped by the quality of one’s childhood and cultural context.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between motivation, emotion, and behaviour as outlined in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Motivation can lead to emotion, which then influences behaviour, but emotion can also act as a motivator for behaviour.

Motivation and Emotion: Functions, Theories, and Biological Origins

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