Question 1

According to the Five Factor Model (OCEAN), which personality trait is most strongly associated with better health, longevity, and less cognitive decline?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the heritability of personality traits. She compares the correlation of Big Five scores between identical and fraternal twins. Which result would most strongly support a genetic influence on personality?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins show much higher correlations than fraternal twins.

Question 3

Which defense mechanism involves transforming an unacceptable impulse into a socially acceptable or pro-social alternative?

Accepted Answer

Sublimation

Question 4

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, which structure of the psyche operates on the reality principle and mediates between the other two structures?

Accepted Answer

Ego

Question 5

A person who is highly impulsive, restless, and emotionally volatile as a child is most likely to be classified as having which temperament?

Accepted Answer

Under-controlled

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the arousal theory of extraversion?

Accepted Answer

Extraversion is determined by a person's threshold for arousal in the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS).

Question 7

In the context of the HEXACO model, what does a low score on Honesty-Humility (HH) indicate?

Accepted Answer

The person is likely to be deceitful and greedy.

Question 8

A child who becomes preoccupied with obtaining pleasure from oral activities such as eating and sucking may be fixated at which psychosexual stage, according to Freud?

Accepted Answer

Oral stage

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of the Barnum effect in personality testing?

Accepted Answer

A personality profile that is so vague it could apply to anyone, but people believe it describes them specifically.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the nomothetic approach to personality?

Accepted Answer

It examines large groups to make generalizations about personality structure.

Question 11

A person who is highly judgmental of others but refuses to acknowledge their own similar flaws is likely using which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the stability of personality traits across the lifespan is supported by the provided graph?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness increases steadily with age.

Question 13

In a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of personality, which of the following steps is essential?

Accepted Answer

Correlating DNA variants with personality inventory scores.

Question 14

According to Freud, which psychosexual stage is associated with the development of competence and confidence, and may result in an 'anal retentive' personality if not resolved?

Accepted Answer

Anal stage

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the Behavioral Activation System (BAS)?

Accepted Answer

It is sensitive to reward and approach behavior.

Question 16

A person who, after being criticized by their boss, goes home and yells at their family is demonstrating which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Displacement

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT part of the Dark Triad of personality?

Accepted Answer

Agreeableness

Question 18

According to the iceberg model of the mind, which part is mostly unconscious and contains basic drives and instincts?

Accepted Answer

Id

Question 19

Which personality trait is most strongly associated with loneliness, drinking, stress, and poor sleep?

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism

Question 20

A person who provides a seemingly reasonable explanation for their unacceptable behavior, hiding their true motives even from themselves, is using which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Rationalization

Personality: Theories, Traits, and Biological Foundations

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