Question 1

Which of the following best describes the pattern of physical growth in early childhood (ages 2–6)?

Accepted Answer

Physical changes are less dramatic than in the first two years, with steady gains in height and weight.

Question 2

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for the transfer of information to long-term memory and shows significant maturation during early childhood?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 3

A preschool child is able to run, jump, and climb with increasing skill. These abilities are examples of:

Accepted Answer

Gross motor skills

Question 4

Which of the following statements about handedness is TRUE according to research on early childhood development?

Accepted Answer

The prevalence of right-handedness is likely due to genetic inheritance.

Question 5

What is the most common type of child maltreatment in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Neglect

Question 6

Which of the following is a key milestone in brain development during early childhood that supports advances in thinking and language?

Accepted Answer

Growth and maturation of the corpus callosum

Question 7

A child who is frequently or severely abused is most likely to develop which psychological disorder?

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why older preschoolers benefit more from fine motor skill training than younger children?

Accepted Answer

Older children better understand figures and instructions.

Question 9

Which factor is NOT considered a risk factor for child maltreatment?

Accepted Answer

High academic achievement in the child

Question 10

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for preventing child maltreatment?

Accepted Answer

Parenting education and identification of at-risk families

Question 11

A 4-year-old child is able to draw simple shapes but struggles with writing letters. This is most likely due to:

Accepted Answer

Incomplete development of fine motor skills

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the relationship between stress and illness in preschool children?

Accepted Answer

Children with high stress are more likely to fall ill due to altered immune functions.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the lateralization of language functions in the brain is correct?

Accepted Answer

In 95% of humans, language functions are primarily in the left hemisphere.

Question 14

A preschooler’s drawings evolve from simple scribbles to more complex compositions between ages 2 and 7. This progression is MOST influenced by:

Accepted Answer

Maturation of the brain and small muscles, as well as instruction and practice

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the average annual increase in height for a child in early childhood?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta h = 2 	ext{ to } 3 	ext{ inches/year}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of a gross motor skill developed during early childhood?

Accepted Answer

Jumping rope

Question 17

A child is unable to remember personal experiences from before age 3. This phenomenon is known as:

Accepted Answer

Infantile amnesia

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on BMI trends among 3–5-year-olds?

Accepted Answer

Obesity and overweight rates increased among children.

Question 19

Which of the following is the most common cause of death in preschool-aged children?

Accepted Answer

Accidents

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why neglected children typically recover once abuse stops?

Accepted Answer

Differences between abused and non-abused children disappear within one year after intervention.

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood: Study Guide

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