Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of conception in humans?

Accepted Answer

A woman produces one ovum per month, which travels down the fallopian tube and may be fertilized by sperm.

Question 2

How many pairs of chromosomes are found in a typical human cell, and what is the significance of the 23rd pair?

Accepted Answer

23 pairs, with the 23rd pair determining sex.

Question 3

Which genetic disorder is caused by a dominant gene and typically manifests symptoms in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Huntington's disease

Question 4

A child inherits one dominant and one recessive gene for a trait. What is the term for this genetic condition?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked recessive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Red-green color blindness

Question 6

What is the most common chromosomal error resulting in Down syndrome, and how many copies of the affected chromosome are present?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21, with three copies of chromosome 21

Question 7

Which pattern of inheritance involves multiple genes influencing a single trait, such as eye color?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic inheritance

Question 8

A woman over 35 is more likely to have twins due to which factor?

Accepted Answer

Natural conception and fertility-enhancing drugs

Question 9

Which developmental pattern describes growth from the head down?

Accepted Answer

Cephalocaudal pattern

Question 10

During which stage of prenatal development does organogenesis occur?

Accepted Answer

Embryonic stage

Question 11

Which maternal nutrient deficiency is most strongly associated with spina bifida in the fetus?

Accepted Answer

Folic acid

Question 12

Exposure to teratogens is most dangerous during which period of gestation?

Accepted Answer

First 8 weeks

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the Apgar scale?

Accepted Answer

It evaluates five factors in neonates immediately after birth.

Question 14

A neonate weighing less than 2500 grams is classified as having which condition?

Accepted Answer

Low birth weight (LBW)

Question 15

Which prenatal diagnostic procedure involves sampling cells from the placenta?

Accepted Answer

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the total number of chromosomes in a human zygote?

Accepted Answer

$$23 + 23 = 46$$

Question 17

A male child inherits a recessive gene for a disorder located on the X chromosome. What is the likelihood he will express the disorder?

Accepted Answer

He will express the disorder because he only has one X chromosome.

Question 18

Which maternal emotional state has been associated with reduced rates of fetal growth?

Accepted Answer

High stress

Question 19

Which of the following is a risk factor for Klinefelter syndrome?

Accepted Answer

XXY sex chromosome pattern

Question 20

Which of the following best describes multifactorial inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Traits influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

Prenatal Development and Birth: Genetics, Disorders, and Maternal Influences

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