Q: According to the cognitive theories of emotion, which formula best represents the process by which emotions are generated?

$$\text{Emotion} = \text{Physiological Arousal} + \text{Cognitive Appraisal}$$

Question 1

According to Ainsworth's Strange Situation, which attachment style is characterized by a child who is distressed when the caregiver leaves, but is not comforted upon their return and may even avoid them?

Accepted Answer

Avoidant attachment

Question 2

A researcher is interested in how children develop the ability to understand that others can hold beliefs different from their own. Which concept is MOST relevant to this research?

Accepted Answer

Theory of mind

Question 3

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of assimilation as described by Piaget?

Accepted Answer

A child calls a zebra a 'horse' because it fits their existing schema for horses.

Question 4

According to Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), which stage is characterized by the body's resources being depleted, leading to decreased resistance to stress and increased vulnerability to illness?

Accepted Answer

Exhaustion stage

Question 5

A person who believes that their efforts will not change the outcome of a stressful situation is likely to experience which of the following, according to the concept of perceived control?

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness

Question 6

Which of the following is a criticism of Freud's psychosexual stages of development?

Accepted Answer

They lack falsifiability and are difficult to scientifically test.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

Attributing one's own failures to external factors and others' failures to internal factors.

Question 8

A therapist uses exposure therapy to help a client overcome a phobia of spiders. This approach is most consistent with which type of therapy?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioural therapy

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy in the context of stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

A person is treated as untrustworthy and eventually begins to act in ways that confirm this expectation.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the diathesis-stress model of psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

Disorders result from a combination of biological vulnerability and environmental stressors.

Question 11

A person who is high in conscientiousness according to the Big Five personality traits is MOST likely to:

Accepted Answer

Be organized and dependable

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between structured personality tests and projective tests?

Accepted Answer

Structured tests use standardized questions with fixed response options.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a teratogen and during which phase of development is it most harmful?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol; most harmful during the embryonic stage

Question 14

According to the cognitive theories of emotion, which formula best represents the process by which emotions are generated?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Emotion} = 	ext{Physiological Arousal} + 	ext{Cognitive Appraisal}$$

Question 15

A person is diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder. Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Periods of elevated mood and increased energy

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the concept of stereotype threat?

Accepted Answer

The tendency to act in ways that confirm negative stereotypes about one's group, especially when the stereotype is made salient.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the polygraph is accurate?

Accepted Answer

It measures physiological arousal, which may not be specific to lying.

Question 18

Which of the following is a common myth about suicide?

Accepted Answer

Talking about suicide with someone increases their risk of attempting it.

Question 19

A person is experiencing hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech. According to the DSM-5, these are considered:

Accepted Answer

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 20

Which of the following is a key feature of third wave cognitive-behavioural therapies?

Accepted Answer

Focus on acceptance and mindfulness strategies

Psychology final

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