Question 1

According to Ainsworth's Strange Situation, which behavior is most critical for categorizing attachment styles in infants?

Accepted Answer

How infants respond when reunited with their mothers after separation

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the avoidant attachment style and its adaptive function?

Accepted Answer

Children ignore their caregivers upon reunion, which can be adaptive in environments where emotional support is inconsistent.

Question 3

Habituation and dishabituation are used in infant research. Which scenario best illustrates dishabituation?

Accepted Answer

An infant shows renewed interest when a new toy is introduced after repeated exposure to the old toy.

Question 4

Which of the following is a real-world example of habituation used to study infant abilities?

Accepted Answer

Presenting a series of faces to an infant until their looking time decreases, then introducing a new face to see if looking time increases.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of emotions as discussed in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Emotions allow us to physically grow and develop.

Question 6

A student feels embarrassed after making a mistake in front of the class. This is an example of which function of emotion?

Accepted Answer

Emotions as social signals

Question 7

Which motivational theory best explains why a person eats when hungry and stops when full?

Accepted Answer

Drive Reduction Theory

Question 8

In a real-life scenario, how does Drive Reduction Theory explain motivation?

Accepted Answer

A person drinks water to reduce thirst, restoring physiological balance.

Question 9

Why do self-conscious emotions such as shame and guilt develop later than basic emotions like fear or joy?

Accepted Answer

Self-conscious emotions require self-awareness and understanding of social norms, which develop with cognitive maturity.

Question 10

Which parenting practice is most likely to influence gender role adoption in children?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging boys to play with trucks and girls to play with dolls, reinforcing traditional gender roles.

Question 11

What is benevolent sexism, and why is it considered inappropriate?

Accepted Answer

Benevolent sexism is the belief that women are weaker and need protection, which reinforces gender stereotypes and limits women's autonomy.

Question 12

Which of the following best distinguishes gender inequality from gender difference?

Accepted Answer

Gender inequality involves unequal access to resources or opportunities based on gender, while gender difference refers to any distinction between genders.

Question 13

A researcher presents a stimulus to an infant repeatedly until the infant's response decreases. Then, a new stimulus is presented. Which formula best represents the change in response ($$R) $$over time ($$t) $$during habituation?

Accepted Answer

$$R(t) = R_0$ e$$^{-kt}$$

Question 14

Which scenario best illustrates the adaptive function of ambivalent attachment?

Accepted Answer

A child clings to their caregiver and is difficult to soothe, which may help them gain attention in unpredictable environments.

Question 15

Which equation best represents the relationship between motivation ($$M$$), drive ($$D$$), and incentive ($$I) $$according to Drive Reduction Theory?

Accepted Answer

$$M = D 	imes I$$

Question 16

A child is exposed to a series of similar shapes and eventually stops responding. When a new shape is introduced, the child shows renewed interest. What does this indicate about the child's cognitive abilities?

Accepted Answer

The child can distinguish between old and new stimuli, demonstrating perceptual discrimination.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of self-conscious emotion?

Accepted Answer

Guilt

Question 18

A parent tells their daughter that she should not play soccer because it is 'for boys.' This is an example of which socialization factor?

Accepted Answer

Parental reinforcement of gender roles

Question 19

Which of the following statements about benevolent sexism is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is considered inappropriate because it perpetuates stereotypes and restricts women's freedom.

PSYC 103 Study Guide: Development, Emotion, Sexuality & Gender

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