Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the 'id' according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Accepted Answer

It operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of basic drives and urges.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory recall. In this experiment, what is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The memory recall performance of participants

Question 3

According to Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which stage is characterized by the development of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is most associated with mood regulation and is often targeted by antidepressant medications?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 5

A person who is motivated by external rewards, such as money or praise, is demonstrating which type of motivation?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

Believing a person’s rude behavior is due to their personality rather than situational factors

Question 7

According to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which need must be satisfied before pursuing esteem needs?

Accepted Answer

Safety needs

Question 8

Which of the following is a problem-focused coping strategy for stress?

Accepted Answer

Developing a plan to solve the source of stress

Question 9

In classical conditioning, what is the term for a stimulus that naturally elicits a response without prior learning?

Accepted Answer

Unconditioned stimulus

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

Accepted Answer

Performance increases with arousal up to a point, then decreases as arousal continues to rise.

Question 11

A psychologist observes children playing in a park without interfering. Which research method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the 'Big Five' personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Intelligence

Question 13

According to Erik Erikson’s theory, what is the crisis faced during the first stage (birth to 18 months)?

Accepted Answer

Trust vs. mistrust

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the serial position effect?

Accepted Answer

The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle

Question 15

Which of the following is a key contribution of Alfred Kinsey in the area of sexuality?

Accepted Answer

Created the Kinsey scale to measure sexual orientation

Question 16

A person who experiences vivid cross-sensory perceptions, such as seeing colors when hearing music, is most likely experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Synesthesia

Question 17

Which equation best represents the correlation coefficient, a measure of the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

$$r = \frac{\sum (x_i - \bar{x})(y_i - \bar{y})}{\sqrt{\sum (x_i - \bar{x})^2$ \sum (y_i - \bar{y})^2$}}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

To review and approve research proposals to ensure ethical standards are met

Question 19

Which of the following is a multi-step process for memory, according to the three-stage model?

Accepted Answer

Encoding, storage, retrieval

Question 20

A person who is outgoing, sociable, and energized by being around others is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Extrovert

PSYC101 Final Exam Review: Comprehensive Study Guide

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