Question 1

Which of the following best defines 'geriatrics'?

Accepted Answer

The branch of medicine and social science that focuses on the health, care, and well-being of older adults, including biological, psychological, physiological, and sociological aspects.

Question 2

According to the free radical theory of aging, what is the primary cause of cellular damage?

Accepted Answer

Unstable ions, known as free radicals, bond with other molecules, leading to oxidative stress and damage to cells, DNA, and mitochondria.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a normal physiological change associated with advanced old age?

Accepted Answer

Increased elasticity of lung tissue and improved oxygen exchange.

Question 4

A 78-year-old woman reports that her skin bruises easily and heals slowly. Which age-related physiological change most likely contributes to this?

Accepted Answer

Loss of subcutaneous fat and collagen, resulting in thinner, less elastic skin.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes 'ageism'?

Accepted Answer

A prejudicial attitude and discriminatory practice against older people.

Question 6

A 90-year-old man is experiencing difficulty with balance, memory, and hearing. Which of the following environmental modifications would best support 'aging in place' for him and his spouse?

Accepted Answer

Installing bright lighting with minimal glare, adding grab bars in the bathroom, and using medical alert systems.

Question 7

Which of the following is a major developmental task for the geriatric adult according to Erikson's theory?

Accepted Answer

Mastering the crisis of ego integrity versus despair.

Question 8

Which of the following is a key principle of elder care that health-care workers should follow?

Accepted Answer

Encourage confidence and empower the geriatric adult to maintain autonomy.

Question 9

A 76-year-old woman complains of decreased sexual interest and discomfort during intercourse. Which physiological change is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen levels causing dryness in the vaginal mucosa.

Question 10

Which of the following is a psychosocial problem commonly associated with aging?

Accepted Answer

Disengagement, loneliness, and depression due to loss of friends and independence.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of an activity of daily living (ADL)?

Accepted Answer

Bathing and grooming oneself.

Question 12

A health-care worker is teaching an older adult about medication management. Why is polypharmacy a particular concern in the geriatric population?

Accepted Answer

Decreased organ function can delay drug excretion, increasing the risk of toxicity and adverse drug interactions.

Question 13

Which of the following is a recommended health-promoting activity for the geriatric adult according to Healthy People 2030?

Accepted Answer

Engaging in regular physical exercise, maintaining balanced nutrition, and receiving preventive health services.

Question 14

A 79-year-old man is admitted to a nursing home. Which factor should be considered when selecting a nursing home for placement?

Accepted Answer

Availability of occupational, physical, and speech therapy.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the 'wear-and-tear' theory of aging?

Accepted Answer

The body, like a machine, gradually wears out or breaks down over time due to use.

Question 16

Which of the following is a sign of possible elder abuse that health-care workers should be alert for?

Accepted Answer

Clusters of unexplained bruises and missed follow-up health-care appointments.

Question 17

A geriatric adult is experiencing constipation and discomfort from gas. Which age-related change is most likely contributing to this?

Accepted Answer

Decreased peristalsis, leading to slower movement of waste through the large intestine.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about sexuality in the geriatric adult is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Medications and chronic illnesses can affect sexual interest, arousal, and performance in older adults.

Question 19

A 75-year-old woman is having difficulty adapting to retirement and feels a loss of self-worth. According to the activity theory, what intervention would best support her mental health?

Accepted Answer

Helping her find fulfillment through part-time employment, volunteer activities, or hobbies.

Question 20

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing osteoporosis in the geriatric adult?

Accepted Answer

Loss of estrogen, leading to decreased ability to use calcium to maintain bone density.

Psychological and Physiological Aspects of Aging: Geriatrics and Advanced Old Age

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