$$\text{Disorder} = \text{Vulnerability} \times \text{Stressor}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the '3 D's' used to judge abnormality in psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

Distressing, Dysfunctional, Deviant

Question 2

According to the vulnerability-stress model, which equation best represents the development of a psychological disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Disorder} = 	ext{Vulnerability} 	imes 	ext{Stressor}$$

Question 3

A patient presents with chronic disruption of mood but is still able to function in daily life. Which mood disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Dysthymia

Question 4

Which historical perspective attributed abnormal behavior to possession by spirits and treated it with trephination?

Accepted Answer

Demenological view

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 6

A person who attributes their successes to external factors and their failures to personal flaws is demonstrating which cognitive pattern?

Accepted Answer

Depressive Attributional Pattern

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a symptom category of depression?

Accepted Answer

Hallucinatory

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the higher prevalence of anxiety disorders in females compared to males?

Accepted Answer

Sex-linked biological disposition and less personal control

Question 9

Which learning explanation accounts for the development of phobias through association of a neutral stimulus with pain or trauma?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning

Question 10

A patient with schizophrenia shows a lack of emotion, expression, and motivation. Which type of symptoms are these?

Accepted Answer

Negative symptoms

Question 11

Which of the following is a key feature of the depressive cognitive triad?

Accepted Answer

Negative thoughts about the world, oneself, and the future

Question 12

Which biological factor is most strongly associated with bipolar disorder compared to unipolar depression?

Accepted Answer

Stronger genetic component; 50% have a relative with the disorder

Question 13

According to the slides, which region has the highest prevalence of feelings of guilt and inadequacy in depressive disorders?

Accepted Answer

North America & Western Europe

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the gender differences in mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Women are twice as likely to suffer from unipolar depression

Question 15

Which of the following perspectives attributes abnormal behavior to frustrations in achieving self-actualization and a negative self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic

Question 16

A person develops an anxiety disorder after observing a parent react fearfully to dogs. Which learning process is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Modeling

Question 17

Which of the following is a breakthrough in the biological view of mental illness?

Accepted Answer

Discovery that general paresis is caused by syphilis

Question 18

Which brain structure shows abnormal MRI activity and is involved in routing sensory information in schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct application of the concept of 'learned helplessness' in depression?

Accepted Answer

A person expects bad events will occur and feels unable to cope

Question 20

Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Hallucinations

Psychological Disorders: Definitions, Perspectives, and Major Classes

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