Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main goal of psychoanalysis as developed by Sigmund Freud?

Accepted Answer

To reduce internal conflicts by bringing unconscious motives and conflicts into conscious awareness

Question 2

A therapist helps a client overcome a fear of dogs by gradually exposing the client to dogs while teaching relaxation techniques. This approach is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a core feature of effective psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A guarantee of a cure for all mental disorders

Question 4

In behavior therapy, which operant conditioning technique involves reinforcing closer and closer approximations to a desired behavior?

Accepted Answer

Shaping

Question 5

A client believes, 'If I fail one test, I am a complete failure in life.' According to cognitive therapy, this is an example of which cognitive distortion?

Accepted Answer

Overgeneralization

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of reciprocal inhibition used in systematic desensitization?

Accepted Answer

Pairing a feared stimulus with a state of relaxation so that anxiety is inhibited by relaxation

Question 7

A therapist encourages a client to take responsibility for their choices and to find meaning in life, focusing on issues such as death, freedom, and isolation. This approach is most consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Existential therapy

Question 8

Which of the following statements about drug therapies for mental disorders is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Drug therapy is often combined with psychotherapy for optimal results

Question 9

A therapist uses the ABC model in rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT). What does the 'B' in the model represent?

Accepted Answer

Beliefs about the activating event

Question 10

Which of the following is a potential ethical issue when evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy using a control group?

Accepted Answer

It is unethical to withhold treatment from individuals who need therapy

Question 11

A client in a psychiatric hospital earns tokens for making their bed, taking medication, and attending group therapy. These tokens can be exchanged for privileges. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Token economy

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between client-centered therapy and psychoanalysis?

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapy is nondirective, while psychoanalysis is directive

Question 13

A culturally skilled therapist should do all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Treat all clients exactly the same, regardless of cultural background

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of extinction in operant conditioning as used in behavior therapy?

Accepted Answer

A behavior decreases when it is no longer followed by reinforcement

Question 15

Which of the following is a major advantage of group therapy over individual therapy?

Accepted Answer

It allows clients to receive support and feedback from others with similar problems

Question 16

Which of the following is a primary concern with the process of deinstitutionalization?

Accepted Answer

Many discharged patients lack adequate community support and may become homeless or incarcerated

Question 17

A therapist helps a client with a gambling disorder recognize and challenge their belief that a string of losses must be followed by a win. This cognitive distortion is known as:

Accepted Answer

Gambler's fallacy

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

Accepted Answer

ECT is primarily used to treat severe depression when other treatments have failed

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the main focus of Gestalt therapy?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging clients to become aware of their present thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 20

A friend confides in you about feeling overwhelmed and anxious. According to basic counseling skills, which of the following is the BEST initial response?

Accepted Answer

Reflect their feelings by saying, 'It sounds like you're really overwhelmed right now.'

Psychological Treatment: Psychotherapy, Behavior, Cognitive, Humanistic, and Medical Therapies

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