Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs in developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional designs compare different age groups at one point in time, while longitudinal designs follow the same group of individuals over time.

Question 2

According to Piaget, which cognitive process involves modifying existing schemas to incorporate new information?

Accepted Answer

Accommodation

Question 3

A researcher wants to study the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on IQ scores. Which of the following best describes a confounding variable in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The age of the participants

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a teratogen?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol consumed during pregnancy

Question 5

According to the Five Factor Model of personality, which trait is most associated with being organized, careful, and disciplined?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'object permanence' as described by Piaget?

Accepted Answer

A child understands that a toy still exists even when it is hidden under a blanket.

Question 7

Which of the following is a primary criticism of the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)?

Accepted Answer

It can lead to overdiagnosis and labeling of normal behaviors as disorders.

Question 8

A person who is described as having high 'agreeableness' on the Big Five personality traits is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Be trusting, helpful, and cooperative.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the Flynn effect?

Accepted Answer

The observation that IQ scores have increased over generations.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a defense mechanism described by Freud as 'projection'?

Accepted Answer

Attributing your own unacceptable thoughts to someone else.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between explicit and implicit attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Explicit attitudes are conscious and deliberate, while implicit attitudes are automatic and unconscious.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivates when it hears a bell that has been repeatedly paired with food.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Accepted Answer

A theory that prioritizes physiological needs before higher-level psychological needs.

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder includes both depressive and manic episodes, while major depressive disorder does not include mania.

Question 15

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'social facilitation'?

Accepted Answer

A person performs better on a simple task when others are watching.

Question 16

Which of the following is most likely to be considered a teratogen?

Accepted Answer

Nicotine

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the 'fundamental attribution error'?

Accepted Answer

The tendency to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences on others' behavior.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of 'systematic desensitization' in treating phobias?

Accepted Answer

Gradually exposing a person to the feared object while teaching relaxation techniques.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between crystallized and fluid intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence involves problem-solving in novel situations, while crystallized intelligence involves accumulated knowledge.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the 'bystander effect'?

Accepted Answer

People are less likely to help when others are present.

Psychology 1000 Study Guide: Chapters 9–16 (Intelligence, Lifespan Development, Motivation & Emotion, Personality, Social Psychology, Health & Stress, Psychological Disorders, Therapies)

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