Question 1

Which of the following best describes the BioPsychoSocial approach in psychology?

Accepted Answer

It explains mental health and behavior by considering social, biological, and psychological factors.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of the scientific attitude?

Accepted Answer

Confidence

Question 3

A psychologist wants to study how stress affects exam performance. She randomly selects students and assigns them to either a stress-inducing or control group. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Stress level induced by the researcher

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'random sampling'?

Accepted Answer

Selecting students from a list using a random number generator.

Question 5

In a correlational study, the correlation coefficient $$r is $$calculated to be $$-0.85. $$What does this indicate about the relationship between the two variables?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong negative relationship between the variables.

Question 6

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using naturalistic observation as a research method?

Accepted Answer

The researcher has no control over what happens.

Question 7

A researcher finds that as hours of sleep decrease, levels of stress increase among college students. What is the direction of the correlation?

Accepted Answer

Negative

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the placebo effect?

Accepted Answer

Participants show improvements just because they think they are receiving treatment.

Question 9

What is the main purpose of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

To review each study to make sure they are ethical and safe.

Question 10

Which psychological perspective focuses on observable behavior learned by reinforcement or punishment?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism/Behaviorist Psychology

Question 11

A psychologist is studying the effect of a new teaching method on student test scores. She manipulates the teaching method and measures test scores. What is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

Test scores

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of hindsight bias?

Accepted Answer

Believing you knew the outcome of a football game after it has ended.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning involves learning through consequences, while classical conditioning involves learning through association of stimuli.

Question 14

In Pavlov's classic experiment, what was the conditioned stimulus (CS)?

Accepted Answer

Bell

Question 15

Which of the following best describes extinction in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The weakening of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the conditioned stimulus.

Question 16

A dog is conditioned to salivate when hearing a 1000 Hz tone. The dog also salivates when hearing a 950 Hz tone, but less strongly. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Taking away chores when a child gets good grades.

Question 18

What is the main benefit of intermittent reinforcement compared to continuous reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

The behavior is more resistant to extinction.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of a counseling psychologist?

Accepted Answer

They help people with problems of everyday life.

Question 20

A researcher wants to minimize experimenter bias in a drug trial. Which procedure should she use?

Accepted Answer

Double-blind procedure

Psychology Study Guide: History, Research Methods, and Learning

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