Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'clinical labour' as applied to commercial surrogacy in India?

Accepted Answer

Reproductive work that is commodified and regulated under neoliberal globalization, involving invasive bodily procedures and emotional labour.

Question 2

According to Cooper and Waldby (2014), what distinguishes 'clinical labour' from other forms of paid labour?

Accepted Answer

It involves invasive bodily procedures, emotional and embodied labour, and is commodified under global capitalism.

Question 3

Which of the following is a major ethical concern associated with commercial surrogacy in India, as discussed in the study?

Accepted Answer

The commodification of motherhood and the potential exploitation of socially disadvantaged women.

Question 4

In the context of surrogacy in India, what does the term 'social reproduction' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The set of activities and relationships that sustain and reproduce society, including care work and emotional labour.

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the power dynamics experienced by surrogate workers in India?

Accepted Answer

Surrogates are often recruited and controlled by agencies and intermediaries, with limited bargaining power and autonomy.

Question 6

A researcher wants to analyze the lived experiences of surrogates in India. Which qualitative method would be most appropriate based on the study's design?

Accepted Answer

In-depth interviews and workplace observations.

Question 7

Which of the following equations best represents the calculation of average family income for surrogates in the study, given the following data: Surrogate A earns INR 10,000, Surrogate B earns INR 12,000, and Surrogate C earns INR 8,000?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{10,000 + 12,000 + 8,000}{3}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a typical risk faced by surrogate workers in India, according to the study?

Accepted Answer

Full autonomy over medical decisions and procedures.

Question 9

How does the commodification of surrogacy labour in India impact the value chain of fertility clinics and agencies?

Accepted Answer

It increases profits for clinics and agencies while surrogates receive a small fraction of the total cost.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the concept of 'embodied and emotional labour' in surrogacy?

Accepted Answer

The physical and emotional effort required to carry a pregnancy and manage the psychological impact of separation from the child.

Question 11

If a surrogacy agency pays each surrogate INR 30,000 and recruits 10 surrogates, what is the total payment made to surrogates?

Accepted Answer

$$30,000 	imes 10 = 300,000$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the recruitment of surrogates in India is supported by the study?

Accepted Answer

Surrogates are typically recruited from socially disadvantaged backgrounds with limited education and employment opportunities.

Question 13

Which policy change in India significantly affected the commercial surrogacy industry, as described in the study?

Accepted Answer

The legalization of surrogacy for foreign nationals in 2015.

Question 14

What is a key argument made by feminist scholars regarding surrogacy labour in the Global South?

Accepted Answer

Surrogacy labour should be recognized as legitimate work and regulated to protect workers' rights.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the lived experiences of surrogates in India, according to the study?

Accepted Answer

Surrogates experience stigma, emotional challenges, and limited autonomy, but also develop coping mechanisms and negotiate their roles within the workplace.

Question 16

If the total cost charged to commissioning parents for a surrogacy is INR 2,000,000, and the surrogate receives INR 30,000, what percentage of the total cost does the surrogate receive? Use the formula $$\frac{	ext{Surrogate Payment}}{	ext{Total Cost}} 	imes 100.$$

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{30,000}{2,000,000} 	imes 100 = 1.5\%$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a potential consequence of banning commercial surrogacy in India, as discussed in the study?

Accepted Answer

It may drive the industry underground, increasing risks and exploitation for socially disadvantaged women.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between surrogacy agencies, clinics, and surrogates in India?

Accepted Answer

Agencies and clinics act as intermediaries, controlling recruitment, contracts, and payments, while surrogates have limited direct contact with commissioning parents.

Question 19

Which of the following is a recommended policy approach to improve the working conditions of surrogates in India?

Accepted Answer

Regulate surrogacy as legitimate labour, ensuring rights, safety, and bargaining power for surrogates.

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