Question 1

Which of the following best describes the purpose of using random selection in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that every person in the population has an equal chance of being selected, increasing generalizability

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the relationship between hours spent playing video games and aggression in teenagers. Which research method is most appropriate for this question?

Accepted Answer

Correlational design

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an operational definition for 'stress levels in university students'?

Accepted Answer

The number of times a student reports feeling stressed in a week

Question 4

A study finds a correlation coefficient of $$r = -0.85$$ between hours of sleep and reported stress levels. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong negative relationship between sleep and stress

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the third-variable problem in correlational research?

Accepted Answer

A study finds that ice cream sales and drowning rates are correlated, but both are influenced by temperature

Question 6

Which of the following statements about reliability and validity is correct?

Accepted Answer

A test must be reliable to be valid, but a reliable test can still be invalid

Question 7

In an experiment testing whether listening to music improves test performance, what is the dependent variable (DV)?

Accepted Answer

Test performance scores

Question 8

A researcher observes children in a playground without interfering and records their aggressive behaviors. Which research method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 9

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using self-report surveys in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

They are subject to response bias and social desirability effects

Question 10

What is the main advantage of using a double-blind design in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

It prevents both participant and experimenter expectations from influencing the results

Question 11

Which of the following best describes internal validity?

Accepted Answer

The degree to which a study is free from confounding variables and measures what it intends to

Question 12

A researcher wants to know if a new teaching method causes better exam performance. Which research design should they use?

Accepted Answer

Experimental design

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a confounding variable in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A variable not of interest that varies along with the independent variable, providing an alternative explanation

Question 14

In the context of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which ethical principle was most clearly violated?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Question 15

A researcher measures participants' preference for cats using a 1-7 Likert scale. Which type of data is being collected?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates test-retest reliability?

Accepted Answer

A participant scores similarly on the same test administered one month apart

Question 17

Why can't naturalistic observation be used to determine cause and effect relationships?

Accepted Answer

Because it lacks control over variables and does not involve manipulation

Question 18

Which of the following is a key feature of experimental research that allows for causal inference?

Accepted Answer

Random assignment of participants to conditions

Question 19

A researcher is concerned that participants may guess the purpose of a study and change their behavior. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Demand characteristics

Question 20

Which of the following best describes external validity?

Accepted Answer

The degree to which a study's findings can be generalized to other settings and populations

Research Methods in Psychology: Foundations, Designs, and Ethics

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