Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between basic and applied research in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Basic research is conducted to study theoretical issues without trying to solve a specific problem, while applied research utilizes psychological principles for practical purposes.

Question 2

A psychologist wants to measure stress levels in college students. Which of the following is an example of an operational definition for 'stress'?

Accepted Answer

Stress is measured by participants' scores on the Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about reliability and validity is correct?

Accepted Answer

A test must be reliable to be valid, but a reliable test can still be invalid.

Question 4

A researcher is concerned that participants may change their behavior because they know they are being observed. This phenomenon is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Hawthorne effect

Question 5

Which of the following is a technique used to reduce participant bias in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Providing anonymity and confidentiality to volunteers

Question 6

In a double-blind study, who is unaware of the treatment conditions?

Accepted Answer

Both the participants and the experimenters

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of poor research?

Accepted Answer

Reliance on anecdotal evidence

Question 8

A researcher claims that their hypothesis cannot be disproven under any circumstances. According to scientific methodology, what is the main issue with this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It is not falsifiable.

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of generalizability in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Results from a study on university students are applicable to all adults in the population.

Question 10

A psychologist uses a standardized survey to measure anxiety levels in participants. What type of variable is 'anxiety' in this context?

Accepted Answer

Dependent variable

Question 11

Which ethical principle from the Canadian Tri-Council Research Ethics Code emphasizes the importance of protecting participants' personal information?

Accepted Answer

Respect for privacy & confidentiality

Question 12

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory. Which research design would best allow them to test causation?

Accepted Answer

Experimental research

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a demand characteristic in a psychological study?

Accepted Answer

Participants guess the purpose of the study and change their behavior accordingly.

Question 14

A test yields similar results when administered to the same group of people at two different times. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Test-retest reliability

Question 15

Which of the following is a method used to reduce researcher bias in psychological studies?

Accepted Answer

Using a double-blind procedure

Question 16

A psychologist is designing a study to investigate the relationship between debt stress and health problems. Which of the following questions best addresses the issue of causation?

Accepted Answer

Does debt stress cause health problems?

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a core principle of the Canadian Tri-Council Research Ethics Code?

Accepted Answer

Respect for authority

Question 18

A researcher presents only the data that supports their hypothesis and ignores data that contradicts it. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 19

Which of the following formulas represents the calculation of the mean in a set of scores $$x_1$$, $$x_2$$, ..., x_n$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i}{n}$$

Question 20

A distribution of test scores is highly skewed to the right. Which measure of central tendency is most likely to be higher than the others?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Research Methods in Psychology: Key Concepts and Study Guide

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